The Hundred Years' War
The Problem
Aquitaine: After years weakening English control of the land, French King Philip VI seized the land from the English in 1337.
This angers the English King Edward III then claimed right to the throne because Isabella, the daughter of French King Philip IV.
English Kings were known as nobles of France and knights of the French King-had land in France. French Kings made a plan to try to get the land back
Edwardian Era 1337-1360
Calais: In 1347 French besieged the city
Black Prince: Edward III's son-raids in France. In 1356, Jean II is captures the next heir to the French throne. Chevauchee- a English fighter that is similar to a Viking.
Battle of Crecy: In 1346 English outnumbered but won-longbow.
Caroline Era 1369-1389
There isn't a real change in territory. In 1376, the Black Prince dies of illness. Then in 1377, King Edward II died of old age. In 1380, Charles V of old age.
So the next to the throne are young and they decided that there is no need to fight anymore. So they sign a peace treaty in 1389. The French got to keep any territory that they gained.
Charles V becomes King of France in 1362. In 1369 tried to recapture land given to England in Treaty of Bretigny.
Lancastrian Era 1415-1453
France was weak; King Charles VI was mentally ill.
Agincourt: Henry captured Harfleur- on to Calais but stooped at Agincourt; English longbow helped him to fend off the French.
In 1415, English King Henry V decided to attack France and made a claim to the throne because he wanted the popularity.
When King Philip passed on, his son Charles IV became French King. There was no male heirs-Isabella claimed throne for King Edward III which didn't work. In the end, Philip VI was made French King.
Treaty of Bretigny: (1360) Gave land back to Edward III and Edward III announced his claim and let Jean II go after a ransom of 3 million ecus (French coins).
In 1420, Henry V forces Charles VI to name him his heir, married his daughter Catherine, and deemed his son Charles VII illegitimate, this makes it impossible to take the throne now.
In 1422, Henry V dies and the battle continues. Orleans: Joan of Arc, major setback for the English and in 1453 the French are successful. The English only had coast of Calais (would hold until the 1500s)