Technology discontinuity
when a new technology cannot be used to enhance current technology, but substitutes for the technology to yield better performance

Corporate brand
a type of brand in which the company’s name serves as the brand

Brand
a name given to a company’s product which identifies that item in the mind of the consumer

Corporate reputation
a widely held perception of a company by the general public
Consists of two attributes:
Stakeholders’ perceptions of quality
Corporation’s prominence in the minds of stakeholders

Financial leverage
ratio of total debt to total assets
describes how debt is used to increase earnings available to common shareholders

Capital budgeting
the analyzing and ranking of possible investments in fixed assets in terms of additional outlays and receipts that will result from each investment

Technology transfer
the process of taking new technology from the laboratory to the marketplace

Product R&D
concentrates on marketing and is concerned with product or product packaging improvements

Engineering R&D
concerned with engineering, concentrating on quality control and the development of design specifications and improved production equipment

Intermittent systems
item is normally processed sequentially, but the work and sequence of the process vary

Continuous systems
work is laid out in lines on which products can be continuously assembled or processed

Operating leverage
impact of a specific change in sales volume on net operation income