UNIT 5 renaissance
1453-1789
culture
economy
society
1453: fall of constantinople
1789: french revolution
Increased agricultural production
social changes
Intensified commercial activity
Expansion of craftsmanship
Due to the voyages of exploration
societies vulnerable
sold in city markets
domestic system
to new lands
Economic growth
Providing loans
Creating new forms of payment
development of banking
bankers
became rich.
bill of exchange
unprivileged class
privileged class
minority, own most lands
peasants
bourgeoisie
upper bourgeoisie
lower bourgeoisie
some of the upper bourgeoisie became wealthier that the nobels
the bourgeoisie demanded an end to the privileges
the modern state
monarchs had more resources
they consolidate their authority
formed powerful armies
strenthened bureaucracy composed of officials directly under their control
new institutions
monarchs established a court
a feudal monarchy of the middle ages became a powerful authoritarian monarchy
most powerful monarchs
Spain (kingdoms of Castilla ans Aragón)
Portuguese (pioneers in the search for new trade)
French, English and Russian
Europe at the 15th century
WESTERN EUROPE
SMALL STATES OF EUROPE
EASTERN EUROPE
spanish monarchy
portugal monarchy
french monarchy
english monarchy
the holy roman empire
small principalities and republics
Astria, Burgundy, Flanders, Saxony, Switzerlands and bohemia
Venice, Flor4ence, the papal states and Naples
the Ottoman empire expanded during the 15th century
The Russian monarchy expanded its territories with the conquests if Ivan III the great in the 15th century
cultural changes
developments of thinking and science
humanist Philosophy
spread of new ideas
invention of the printing press
anthropocentrism
optimism and creativity
the desire fro knowledge
critical thinking
vernacular languages
interest in classical culture
practical demonstrations. experimentation
extensive studies: research
individual reflection: reason
printing press by Gutemberg
science and arts academies were founded
the italian renaissance
artist could dedicate themselves
there was a revival of classical Greek and Roman culture
Greek scholars
abundance of Roman remains
the phrases of the renaissance
trecentro (14th century)
quattrocento (15th century)
cinquecento (16th century)
painting and sculpture
architecture
domes: florence cathedral and saint Peter´s Basilica in Rome
columns: classical capitals and entablatures
semi-circular arches
Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls
longitudinal and central-plan
idealism and serenity: painters ans sculptors tired to reflect reality
the human body: anatomy of the human body
balance and proportion: symmetrically, pyramidal
new subjects
Mythological theme, adopted from Classical Antiquity
More portraits were painted due to the increase in demand from nobels, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie.
nature, landscapes and buildings