UNIT 5 renaissance

1453-1789

culture

economy

society

1453: fall of constantinople

1789: french revolution

Increased agricultural production

social changes

Intensified commercial activity

Expansion of craftsmanship

Due to the voyages of exploration

societies vulnerable

sold in city markets

domestic system

to new lands

Economic growth

Providing loans

Creating new forms of payment

development of banking

bankers
became rich.

bill of exchange

unprivileged class

privileged class

minority, own most lands

peasants

bourgeoisie

upper bourgeoisie

lower bourgeoisie

some of the upper bourgeoisie became wealthier that the nobels

the bourgeoisie demanded an end to the privileges

the modern state

monarchs had more resources

they consolidate their authority

formed powerful armies

strenthened bureaucracy composed of officials directly under their control

new institutions

monarchs established a court

a feudal monarchy of the middle ages became a powerful authoritarian monarchy

most powerful monarchs

Spain (kingdoms of Castilla ans Aragón)

Portuguese (pioneers in the search for new trade)

French, English and Russian

Europe at the 15th century

WESTERN EUROPE

SMALL STATES OF EUROPE

EASTERN EUROPE

spanish monarchy

portugal monarchy

french monarchy

english monarchy

the holy roman empire

small principalities and republics

Astria, Burgundy, Flanders, Saxony, Switzerlands and bohemia

Venice, Flor4ence, the papal states and Naples

the Ottoman empire expanded during the 15th century

The Russian monarchy expanded its territories with the conquests if Ivan III the great in the 15th century

cultural changes

developments of thinking and science

humanist Philosophy

spread of new ideas

invention of the printing press

anthropocentrism

optimism and creativity

the desire fro knowledge

critical thinking

vernacular languages

interest in classical culture

practical demonstrations. experimentation

extensive studies: research

individual reflection: reason

printing press by Gutemberg

science and arts academies were founded

the italian renaissance

artist could dedicate themselves

there was a revival of classical Greek and Roman culture

Greek scholars

abundance of Roman remains

the phrases of the renaissance

trecentro (14th century)

quattrocento (15th century)

cinquecento (16th century)

painting and sculpture

architecture

domes: florence cathedral and saint Peter´s Basilica in Rome

columns: classical capitals and entablatures

semi-circular arches

Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls

longitudinal and central-plan

idealism and serenity: painters ans sculptors tired to reflect reality

the human body: anatomy of the human body

balance and proportion: symmetrically, pyramidal

new subjects

Mythological theme, adopted from Classical Antiquity

More portraits were painted due to the increase in demand from nobels, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie.

nature, landscapes and buildings