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Animal and Vet Biology - Wk 4 (Lecture 1 Part 2) (Secondary Metabolites…
Animal and Vet Biology - Wk 4 (Lecture 1 Part 2)
Why consider Plants?
Another lineage of eukaryotes, but linked to algal groups
Earliest multicelular life-forms on land (above ground)
Need to know about plants to understand animal production
Plants produce secondary metabolites
Toxins
Drugs
spices
Plant cell strcuture
Plant cells HAVE:
Cell Walls
Plasmodesmata
Plastids
Central vacuole
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Plant cells LACK:
Flagella and cilia
centrosomes and centrioles
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts and photosynthesis
Light dependent reactions
Light energy converted into chemical energy. Chlorophyll excited by light photon - donates and electron - this then used to drive reactions
Light Independent reaction
Calvin cycle - uses the chemical energy to produce simple sugars
Both use Carbon Dioxide
Central Vacuole
Used for storage
Metabolism
Provides Turgor pressure
Cel elongation - cell wall breaks down at leading edge - vacuole applies pressure against wall and extends it
Evolution
Apart of Archeoplastids
Reg algae
Green algae
Charophytes
Multicellular
Photosynthetic
Freshwater
By mutations that began to develop protective polymers, allowed them the go above the water (ariel envrionment
Less filtered sunlight
Huge increase in photosynthesis reactions due to change in sunlight
Development of vascular system
Transport of water and nutrients
Development of Flowers
Development of pollen
Importance in Veterinary Sciences
Food Source
Forage , fruit, seeds, root crops
Protection
Wood for homes
trees for shelter
live inside plants
Secondary Metabolites
Molecules produced by plants
Can be stored in vacuoles
At solid barriers in plant spines
Function as competitive weapons, metal transporting agents, agents of symbiosis, sexual hormones, differentiation effectors
Secondary Metabolites and Toxicology
Flourocetate
Includes poison heart leaf bush causes sudden death and heart failure in cattle
Shuts down the Kreb's cycle in cells
Hearts and brains are most sensitive to energy loss = sudden death with heart signs in cattle or neurological signs in dogs
Diterpenoids
Desert riceflower and flaxweed
Causes smotth muscle to contract
in cattle that results in heart failure and hydrothorax from severe contradictions of the veins and lungs
Cattle also get diarrhoea from contraction of muscle in bowel
Cycads
Cycads contain a neurotoxin
Irreversibly damages the spinal cord so that animals are not aware of their back legs
Also contain liver toxin
Birdsville disease
Affects horse and causes irreversible degeneration of the spinal cord and brain
Horses become weak in the back legs, suffer brain damage
the infected meat will then be toxic to dogs
Brunfelsia
Can kill dogs and results in vomiting, diarrhoea and convulsions when dogs eat the berries
Duranta erecta (Geisha Girl)
Causes bloody diarrhoea and convulsions when dogs eat the berries