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Animal and Vet Biology - Week 4 (Lecture 1 Part 1) (Fungi - environment,…
Animal and Vet Biology - Week 4 (Lecture 1 Part 1)
What are Fungi?
Member of the Opisthokont - posterior flagella
Eukaryotic cell structure
Dependence on outside nutrients = heterotrophs also sacrotrophs, parisites/mutualistic
Cell Structure
Fungal cell wall composed of Chitlin
Fungal Physiology
Fungi produce spores that are hardy and can survive extreme environments
Fungal spores require moisture to stimulate growth
Branching extension are called HYPHAE and grow from each spore. These are designed to increase surface area fr absorption of nutrients
Singlle cell fungi/yeasts replicate by budding
Fungal Structure
Cell wall
Imparts rigidity
Osmotic stability
composed of carbohydrates compounds
Cell membrane
Bilayered
2 basic cell arrangements
Multicellular branching (HYPHAE)
Single cell or YEAST
Fungal Reproduction
Fungi exist in a haploid state and reproduce clonally - ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Fruiting bodies form after a change in nutrient source of environmental stimulus
2 haploid fungal cells at the end of the hyphal branch can fuse = Parasexual repproduction
Somatic recombination can also occur, in both cases hte fungal colony continues to grow via mitosis
Some species
Nomenclature
Sexual = Telemorph
Ascospores
Basidiospores
Zygospores
Asexual = Anamorph
Conidia
Sporangium
Morphology
Mould = Multicellular filamentous fungi that form MICROscopic fruiting bodies
Mushrooms = Multicellular filamentous fungi that form MACROscopic fruiting bodies
Yeasts = Single cell
Fungal Genetics
Fungi have many non sexual methods of DNA recombination
Fungal nuclei contain viral particles, transpossable elements and enzymes that can cut and rearrange DNA
Fewer junk sequences
Uneven chromosomes
Fungi - environment, medical, veterinary
Fungi recycle nutrients
They digest non living organic material
Secretes a range of enzymes
Make nutrients available for plants and animals
Only 1% of fungi can cause disease
However anti fungal resistance, immune compromised animals or people
DISEASE
Invasive pathogen
produces a toxin that is ingested/ absorbed
Produces a hypersensitivity or an allergy
Dermatophytes
Fungal infections of skin, hair, nails
Yeasts
Fungal infections
Subcataneous mycoses
fungal infections beneath the skin
Mycoses
often associated with water quality and temperature and poor husbandry/hygeine