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TOTALITARIANISM (CHARACTERISTICS (Irrational thinking (Fanatism and blind…

- - - - One charismatic leader
        
        Mussolini
        
        Hitler
      - No personal freedom
      - No political pluralism
        
        One party
  - - - Anti-capitalist
      - Anti-communist
    - - Propaganda
      - censorship
      - Media
      - Education
  - - - Members of the party
      - Men over women
      - Some races
  - - - To reunite the nation
      - To survive
  - - - Power
      - Prestige
      - Progress
- - - - Treaty of Versailles
      - Economic crisis
      - Unemployment (6M. The half of the workforce)
      - Social unrest
  - - - Democratic Regime
        
        Social party: the most important and majority
        
        The far left wanted to impose a Russian regime
        
        Conservative groups feel disapointed with the government for the Treaty of Versailles
        
        1920, Adolf Hitler created the Nazi Party. In 1923, attempted a coup but failed (The Munich Punch).
        
        1924, Hindemburg: life was calm.
        
        Germany: the most affected by the clash because of its dependance on USA.
  - - - 1932, it won the elections
      - Hitler was named Chancelor of Germany
        
        End of the Weimar Republic
        
        Foundation of the III Reich
        
        Fierce dictatorship
        
        Dissolution of other parties
        
        Control of the economy
        
        Control over education, culture and art
        
        Censorship
        
        Propaganda
        
        Search of social cohesion
        
        Superiority of the Aryan Race
        
        Persecution of Jews
        
        Military policy
        
        Rearmament
        
        Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
        
        Rejection of the territorial terms
  - - - Cult leader
      - Primacy of State
      - Exaltation of violence and youth
      - Racism
      - Traditional value of the women: have children and housework.
    - - Imposition over Hispanic, Slavs, Gypsies and specially jews.
    - - 1st banned most Jews could make professions
      - 2nd marriages were forbidden between Jews and Aryans
      - In 1935 happened the night of broken glass: Jews were killed, their businesses looted, burned synagogues and 26.000 Jews locked up in concentration camps
      - The exile of Jews in other countries was massive across Europe
      - In 1942, with the IIWW, Hitler applied the FINAL SOLUTION. All the Jews and Gypsies of Germany and his conquests were deported to extermination camps. Died at least 5 million Jews in these camps as Auschwitz and Treblinka
  - - - Elimination of political parties.
        
        The State was led by a leader: führer*. The greeting "Heil Hitler" expressed absolute confidence in him.
      - Implementation of a police state led by Himmler, consisting of 2 bodies, which chased every opponent and sent to concentration camps.
        
        THE SS
        
        Hitler's personal guard made by thousands of people.
        
        THE GESTAPO
        
        The secret police.
      - Propaganda played a role to show the benefits of the regime, Goebbels was responsible for directing.
        
        All media were controlled by the nazi party:
        the press, radio and cinema, which were in charge of praising Hitler, and transmitting a demeaning view of other races
        
        Education also transmitted the nazi ideology, young people had to enter compulsory Hitler Youth
      - The opposition to Nazism was almost non-existent. He is also thanked him that it had solved the unemployment and the economic crisis.
    - - Expansionist ideology
        
        PAN-GERMANISM
        
        All populations of German origin of Europe should unite in a single State
        
        VITAL SPACE THEORY
        
        The Aryans were entitled to conquer territory at the expense of the Slavs and other inferior races
      - Hitler will be skipped by the Treaty of Versailles
        
        1st carried out a plan of rearmament
        
        2nd re-established compulsory military service
        
        3th Goering put a powerful, and modern army
        
        4th It began expansion: in 1938, German troops invade Austria and they annexed it to Germany, and the Czechoslovakian Sudetenland region. In 1939 occupied whole Czechoslovakia
      - Economy for war
        
        The goal was ending the strike to satisfy the population, so a great public works policy created employment
        
        Autarky + create industries related to the army
        
        Major industrial groups supported the nazi regime and obtained great benefits
- - - - USA
    - - UK
      - France
  - - - Hungary
      - Austria
  - - - Germany
      - Italy
    - - Middle class
      - Big businesses
      - Former soldiers
      - frustated jobless citizens
      - conservative people
- - - - Economic crisis
      - Unemployment
      - Inflation
      - Social unrest
        
        Revolutionary movements
  - - - 1921, foundation of National Fascist Party
        
        Paramilitary groups
        
        Delete labour movements
      - Support
        
        landowners
        
        Small bourgeoisie
        
        Church
        
        King Victor Emmanuelle III
      - 1922, succesful intervention against strikes
        
        March of Rome
        
        Prime Minister by the king
  - - - Propaganda
      - Censorship