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Chemistry 1- Extracting metals and alloys continued (Aluminium+titanium-…
Chemistry 1- Extracting metals and alloys continued
Aluminium+titanium- low density metals- lightweight for size, very thin layer of oxides on surface- stops air and water getting into metal- resist corrosion- very useful
Aluminium used for air crafts, pans, trains, overhead power cables and cooking foil
Titanium used for fighter aircraft, artificial hip joints and pipes in nuclear power stations
Aluminium+titanium cannot be extracted by carbon, methods are expensive as process is long and large mounts of energy are needed
Aluminium recycled a lot because less energy needed to produce recycled aluminium than to extract it from its ore
Recycling preserves limited and requires less energy causing less damage to the environment
Properties of metals changed by adding other elements to them
Alloy- mixture of two or more elements-at least one is metal
Alloys contain atoms of different sizes meaning they distort regular arrangement of atoms- makes difficult for layers to slide over one another making them harder than pure metals
Pure copper, gold, aluminium and iron to soft for many uses- mixed with similar metals to make them harder for use
Brass- used for electrical fittings 70% copper, 30% zinc
18 carrot gold- used for jewellery- 75% gold, 25% copper and other metals
Duralumin- used in aircraft manufacture, 96% aluminium, 4% copper and other metals
Pure iron- soft an easily shaped, arrangement of atoms lets layers easily slide over one another- too soft for many uses
Iron from blast furnace- alloy about 96% iron with carbon and other impurities- hard but too brittle, most often changed into steel by removing some carbon
Carbon removed from molten iron by blowing oxygen into it- oxygen reacts with carbon producing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which escape from molten metal
Enough oxygen used to achieve steel with desired carbon content, other metals added such as vanadium and chromium to produce alloys with properties suited to specific uses
Many types of steel depending on what other metals are mixed with iron
Low carbon steel- about 0.25% carbon- easily shaped- used for car body panels
High carbon steel- up to 2.5% carbon- hard- used for cutting tools
Stainless steel- Chromium and nickel- resistant to erosion- used for cutlery and sinks