Cerebral Artery Syndroms

MCA syndrom

PCA syndrom

ACA syndrom

Paralysis (-plegia) or weakness (-paresis) of the contralateral face and arm (faciobrachial)

Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm.

Apraxia (due to branches to the supplementary motor area)

Damage to the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere) results in aphasia i.e. Broca's or Wernicke's

Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere (usually the right hemisphere) results in contralateral neglect syndrome

Large MCA infarcts often have deviation conjugée, a gaze preference towards the side of the lesion, especially during the acute period.

Optic radiation within parietal and temporal lobes: Homonymous hemianopia

Basal Ganglia

Internal capsule: Contralateral hemiplegia and hemianesthesia (Genu and post limb)

Hemiparesis or hemiplegia contralaterally, involving primarily the lower limbs and pelvic floor musculature

Sensory deficits contralaterally, involving primarily the leg and perineum

Apraxia (due to branches to the supplementary motor area)

Anosmia (due to branches of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract)

Urinary incontinence (frontal lobe dysfunction)

Perforators: Medial lenticulostriate (The recurrent artery of Heubner)

optic chiasm, tract, hypothalamus, ant limb internal capsule, BG, basal frontal lobe

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with possible macula sparing

cortical blindness with bilateral involvement of the occipital lobe branches

visual agnosia

Prosopagnosia: temporal lobe (the result of abnormalities, damage, or impairment in the right fusiform gyrus)

Alexia and agraphia: due to visual cortex

memory defect

Sings of injury to thalamus