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LU6: BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION (Breeding Adaptation in Birds (1 left…
LU6: BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION
Male Reproductive Process
Spermatogenesis
need LH and FSH (direct)
Hormonal control
Testosterone by LH through LEYDIG CELL (indirect) - maintain function of edidymis
Types of Uterus
1) Uterus Duplex
Rabbit,Rat,Mouse,Guinea Pig
2)Bipartile Uterus
Cat,Dog,Cow,Mare
3)Bicornuate Uterus
Pig, Insectivores
4) Uterus Simplex
Human,Primates
Female
(Organ+Function)
Oviduct- transport of ovum
Ovary- produces ova and hormones
Uterus- implantation and pregnancy
Cervix- protects from external disturbance
Vagina- copulation organ
Vulva- opening to reproductive organs
Female
Reproductive Process
Oogenesis
Ovulation
Streoidogenesis
Fertilization
Implantation
Pregnancy
Parturition
Sign of Estrus
(depicts ovarian activity)
Cow
increase activity
clear mucus flow out vagina
Mare (F. horse)
spread hind legs
2.pelvis tilted
tail diverted
evert the clitoris+ little urine expreesed
Gilt/Sow (F. swine)
stand rigidly
erect the ear
Bitch (F. dog)
1.discharge sanguineous (bloody) from vulva
Estrus
Proestrus- period folilicular growth
Estrus- period sexual receptivity
Metestrus-period of corpus luteum formation
Diestrus-period corpus luteum fully function
Factors involving
reproduction
and breeding
Hormonal control
changes during estrous cycle
Photoperiod and breeding season
pineal gland
length of daylight
melatonin
breeding season
Social factors
pheromones
vocalization
male effect
Nutrition
enough nutrient for optimum reproductive effiency
Temperature and humidity
hot lead to depress of reproduction
Reproducive senescence
menopause
Male
(Organ+Function)
Testis- produce sprem (spermatogenesis) and sex hormones steroidogenesis)
Accessory organs- fluid that carries sperm to penis
Ducts- store and carry sperm and seminal fluids to the penis
Penis- deposit sperm into vagina
Male Infertility
Low sperm count
Impotency (fail to erect)
Physical damage
reduce blood flow
nerve problem
Helath and medication
multiple sclerosis, parkinson disease
psychological problem
deprssion anxiety
stress
Animal birth control
Spaying
Ovariohysterectomy of female
Chemical Castration
use drugs - reduce libido and sexual act
Immunization
Zona Pellucida
Neutering
Castration of male
Breeding Adaptation
in Fish
Fish
Hermaphrodite
synchronous
left ovary right testis
asynchronous
switch sex
ovotestis
clown fish, shrimp
Bisexuality & Gonochorism
common one
Unisexuality & Parthenogenesis
only female offspring
Sharks
internal fertilization
vopies of adult
copulatory organs - claspers
Freshwater fish
demersal eggs - high protein many water
long incubation period
small number of eggs
larger less vulnerable larvae
yolkier egg
direct insemination (save sperm)
Marine fish
Buoyant or pelagic eggs
short incubation period
large number
vulnerable larvae
Marine fish (Arctic and Antarctic)
long incuation period
spawn demersal egg
large yolk egg
protect against low temp freezing and low salinity water
Breeding Adaptation
in Birds
1 left ovary, 1 left oviduct
increase survival chances
reduce female body size
ovary enlarge during breeding season
testis grow 100x larger during breeding season
bulging of cloaca (cloacal protuberance)
to keep sperm at optimum temp
cloacal kiss
storks, flamingos, ducks have erectile penis
uniparental / biparental
Artricials(need parent to survive) / Precocials(resemble adults)
