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RS3, Aristotle's Virtue Theory (VIRTUES (12 Moral Virtues (Courage,…
RS3, Aristotle's Virtue Theory
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VIRTUES
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9 Intellectual Virtues
Primary
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- Prudence/ Practical Wisdom
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EUDAIMONIA
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Happiness and well-being, end purpose of human life
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FUNCTION ARGUMENT
Supreme Good needs to be a more detailed explanation and may come to light if we understood mankind's function.
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- Virtues = Efficient cogs, Sharp Blade
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EXCESS AND DEFICIENCY
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E.g. Courage = virtue, Excess = Rashness, Deficiency= Cowardice
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MODERN VIRTUE THEORISTS
ALASTAIR MACINTYRE
Virtues not static and unchanging but actually come out of the communities in which they are practiced.
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Goods Internal = achieved through participation,;known standards of excellence that can be attributed to them; Good in themselves; carrying out tasks on a regular basis to improve.
Goods External = Practical matters like good food, safe home and others to wear; highlights how virtues have changed.
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ELIZABETH ANSCOMBE
Idea= Modern moral philosophy is misguided, asking if there can be any moral laws If there is no God- What do right and wrong mean without lawgiver?
She though that act based ethics does not make sense because it ignores a belief people no longer hold, and in stressing the principle of autonomy it neglects the community aspect of morality.
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concepts of moral obligation/ duty should be abandoned until psychology has done it's work. Duty should not be seen as an end in itself it doesn't capture the needs and aspirations of human beings.