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RS3, Kantian Ethics Summary (FREEDOM (The 3 Postulates (GOD, IMMORTALITY…
RS3, Kantian Ethics Summary
Deontological
"deon" meaning duty in Greek, Concerned with motivation, Refers to humans having a duty/ duty based theory.
DUTY
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- Every human being has an innate capacity to reason (Apriori).
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- Using our reason we arrive at our idea of duty. (The Catergorical Imperitive).
- Good Will is our capacity to recognise our duty in action.
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SUMMUM BONUM
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A reward for acting out of one's duty, as long as they act autonomously.
it's not teleological if you act to gain Summum Bonum as you should be acting as it is your duty and not for personal Gain.
FREEDOM
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If we were not free to make rational decisions, actions would not be done out of Good Will alone.
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The 3 Postulates
Postulates = Suggests or assumes the existence, fact or truth of something on the basis for reasoning, discussion or belief.
GOD, IMMORTALITY AND FREE WILL
Free Will, We must think of ourselves as autonomous and this is important or ethics.
God, Kant believes God exists so you can be rewarded in the afterlife, but this isn't explained by Kant.
Immortality, Summum Bonum, Flourishing and the highest good achieved in the afterlife, says Kant.
GOOD WILL
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Recognising your duty and doing it because it's our duty, not basing it on inclination.
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Nothing that I can do will change the structure of the universe. But maybe, by raising my voice I can help the greatest of all causes -- goodwill among men and peace on earth. - Albert Einstein
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TYPES OF DUTY
PERFECT DUTIES
Must always be done, at all times and are mostly negative
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IMPERFECT DUTIES
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2 types
1) Duty of self- improvement, not constant
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SYNTHETIC
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The statement could be false, needs further evidence
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W.D ROSS
Prima Facie duties
- Justice = Distribute right and wrong fairly.
- Self- Improvement = Act to promote ones own good.
- Beneficience = Do good to others
- Non- Injury = Not harm others
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- Reparation = Make up for injuries
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Used to determine what concretely, we ought to do
After analysing Kant's concept of Good Will, he argued that a morally good action cannot conform with the moral law, but must be performed in order to conform with moral law.