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Optogenetics (Optogentic Targeting (Schizophrenia, Anxiety, Depression,…
Optogenetics
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Introduction: Light to regulate the activity of neurons; They are engineered to possess light responsive ion channels.
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Virus carrying channel rhodpsin and identifier for a specific neurone type (promoter) to infect the cells of interest.
Optogenetic is specific to neurons/ circuit you are targeting Electrical Stimulation affects all neurons in a rea -including fibre of passage, and Neuropharmacology will accept all neurons with that type of receptor in the area where the drug is administered
Injection of Virus into cell bodies and then use the laser at projection areas to work out the circuitry of the brain. By activating. By activating terminals at (A) you can only ever be affecting neurones that have come from (B) where virus was injected.
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Optogentic Types
Optogentic Neurone Activators: Channelrhodposin (CHR2) stimulated by blue light, lets positive ions into cells
Optnogenetic Neuron Inhibitors: NpHR lets chloride ions in, Arch- proton pump positive ions out activated by organe/ yellow light
Light waves frequency: Stimulate with blue light lets positive ions into the cell. Common frequenceis are Blue, green and yellow.
Opsin should be tagged with a fluorescent protein so that you can visualise the infected nueron, Function of the channel should always be checked using electrophysiology
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Somatic method injection at the same site as light
Circuitry method injection at different sight as the light beamed at.