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Social Psychology (The power of the situation:social influences on…
Social Psychology
The power of the situation:social influences on behavior
The Bystander Effect:situational influences on helping behavior
Social roles:the stanford prison study
The asch experiments: conformity
Obedience to authority: The milligram experiment
The person and the situation
Social Cognition
the self in the social world: also a kind of schema which is highly accessible with a lot of information
think that the way we are is the way people should be and split people into us and them
false consensus effect
: the tendency to project the self-concept onto the social world
naive realism
the way we see is the way that they are
Self-serving bias
: biased way of processing self-relevant information to enhance our positive self-evaluation
Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination
Person perception
:the process by which individual categorize and form judgements about other people,rely on schemas
Thin slices of behavior
: implicit process is just how accurate and instantaneous they can be.rapid and sometimes right
self-sulsilling prophecies
Improving intergroup relations
Explicit process
: conscious, deliberative,effortful, relatively, slow,and intentional
implicit process
: unconscious , intuitive,effortless, quick,and unintentional
Attitudes,behavior,and effective communication
using the central route effectively; more reliable
Make it personal: motivating people to care and pay attention;the power is called
construal-level theory
: how information influence differently depending on psychological distance from the information.
Value appeals: most pro-environmental behaviors have been framed in ways that go against people's self-interests
one side message:argue for own perspectives;two sides message:trustworthy and both perspectives;
attitude inoculation
emotions in the central route
The front is hard to read, then people tend more skeptical;
processing fluency
: the ease with which information is processed, biased the person's processing of the information
using the peripheral route effectively
Authority
Social Validation
reciprocity(相互性)：
door-in-the-face technique
involves asking for something relatively big,then following with a request for something relatively small.
Consistency:
foot in the door technique
: involves making a simple request followed by a more substantial request.strong motivations, related to
one-two punch
: an initial request that's hard to refuse locks you in and into larger request
changing people's behavior : technological, legal,economic,and raising awareness approach
persuasion
Elaboration likelihood model
: when audiences are sufficiently motivated to pay attention to a message and they have opportunities for careful processing, they will be persuaded by the facts of the argument
Central route to persuasion
: when people pay close attention to the content of a message, evaluate the evidence presented, and examine the logic of the arguments
Peripheral route to persuasion
: persuasion will depend on other features that are not directly related to the message itself
The attitude-behavior feedback loop:
cognitive dissonance theory:
: when we hold inconsistence beliefs, this creates a kind of aversive inner tension, we are then motivated to reduce this tension
Identifiable victim effect
how people are more moved to action by story of a single suffering person, than information about a whole group
Experimental system
: brain reacts quickly, implicitly, and emotionally
Analytic system
:explicitly, slower, and logically
dual-process models
: models of behavior that account for both implicit and explicit process