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Conscience (NEWMAN (Weaknesses (if conscience is God's voice, why do…
Conscience
NEWMAN
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Through the illative sense we can assent to the existence of God which we do through our experience of the conscience.
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Weaknesses
if conscience is God's voice, why do people hear it differently? Why do people have different morals.
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God is not necessary, conscience can be explained by evolution.
AUGUSTINE
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Due to the fall, people are unable to do right unless with God's help.
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Phenomena of Akrasia
After the fall, the human will divided so that we are all constantly in two minds.
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BUTLER
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Strengths
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If Butler's right, it enables morality to be based on real moral truths.
Weaknesses
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If conscience is God's voice, why do people experience it differently? Why do people have different morals?
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FREUD
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Each time we are told something is wrong, we internalise it and it becomes part of our conscience.
Non-religious people's values come from society and authority. Religious people's values come from religious teachings.
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AQUINAS
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Weaknesses
Many believers feel that conscience is revealed by God, not rationally worked out.
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FROMM
Authoritarian conscience
Whenever we do something wrong we internalise the consequences and feelings from the situation which are still present even when the authority is not there.
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