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Tumour Markers (Classes (Cell-surface glycoproteins, Oncofetal proteins,…
Tumour Markers
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Prognosis
Some tumour markers can be used to give an indication of prognosis. e.g. rate of decline of a tumour marker following surgery or other treatments.
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Substances produced either by, or in response to tumour. Present in blood or other tissue fluids and can be quantified. Should be both highly sensitive and highly specific.
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CEA
- Elevated in a wide variety of tumours
- Common clinical use is colorectal carcinoma
- Also elevated in: smokers, IBD, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastritis
CA-125
- Ovarian carcinoma
- Also elevated in: pregnancy, endometriosis, PID, pancreatic Ca, lung Ca, colorectal Ca, breast Ca
aFP
- Produced by foetal yolk sac, liver and intestines
- Elevated in: hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis, teratoma
- High levels - poor prognosis
HCG
- Gestational trophoblastic disease: hydatiform mole, choriocarcinoma
- Non-seminotmatous testicular cancer, seminoma
- Pregnancy
PSA
- Prostate Ca, BPH, rectal exam, prostatitis, UTI
- Monitoring response, surveillance
Immunoglobulins
- Paraproteinaemias (e.g. myeloma)
- Blood or Light chains in urine (Bence-Jones protein)