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Management of Conflict Species (Management n control (m.options (Exclusion…
Management of Conflict Species
excessive
exceeding the usual bounds of something
Evidence
population census, damage to habitat, conflicting with other species, etc.
facts/observe support assertion
verification
supported by scientific data
Identify the courses
caused by declined of predator that prey on this species
changes in environment due to development
example
Global Classic
:star:American White-tailed Deer
:star:Canadian Geese.
Local
-Long-tailed Macaque.
-Crocodile.
-Elephants
-Tigers
exotic sp.
:explode:alien species which becomes established in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habitat, is an agent of change, and threatens native biological diversity.
Impacts
:warning:Can cause widespread ecological and economical damage.
:warning:Displace or eliminate native species.
:warning:Economic costs – damages to crops, cost of eradication
how they arrived?
(1) European colonization — released many European species.
(2) Horticulture and agriculture
(3) Accidental transport/escape.
Population expansion (exploded) because there is no native predator to control them.
Act of man
Globalisation and international trade
Examples
: :pen: Flora, fauna /patogens
: :pen:Cane Toad Bufo marinus) in Australia
:pen:Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) in many of the Pacific islands (e.g. Hawaii, Guam)
Pathway of Exotic sp.
Intentional Introduction
-plant for agricultural purpose
-Ornamental plants
-Animal released for hunting purpose
-Biological control
Introduction to captivity
-Escaped animals from zoos
-Aquaculture
-Botanical gardens
Accidental introduction
Seed and invertebrate from nursery plants
Organism in timber
Soil inhabiting species
Travelers - tourist
Ballast water
Disease in animals traded
Problems
Pest
more applicable to wildlife or animals that chose to stay or roost in buildings within the park.
Termites
bats
birds
Nuisance Wildlife
:green_cross:When conflict with human. Doesn’t matter is human invaded their territory or vice versa.
:green_cross: Can be feral animals
Management n control
choose sp. remove requires carefull evaluation of impact
Few simple rules:
(1) Assess the situation;
(2) Choose management option;
(3) Do it (tools and techniques);
(4) Prevent occurrence;
(5) Evaluate outcome.
Mechanical Control (Exclusion (e.g. fencing, exclude wildlife with physical barrier)
Chemical Control (Repellents)
Biological Control
Pathogen to control plant and animal species
m.options
Exclusion
Repellents
Removal n lethal option
Habitat modification
Control exo. sp.
Prevention
-Find the cheapest, most effective, and most preferred option.
-Rapid intervention/prevention. No need to wait for study.
-Vulnerable or sensitive ecosystems given highest priority.
-Intentional introduction is granted, if and only if, the positive effects outweigh the potential negative impacts (e.g. fish in aquaculture).
Suppression
Eradication
-Aims to completely remove the exotic species.
-Best opportunity for eradication is in its early stage when the population is small and localised.
-Should be done only if the sources of introduction/problem can be contained.
Biological control