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Sovereignty (Conceptual Construction /Methodological considerations…

- - - - "Thus while the locus of legal sovereignty has remained unchanged for nearly three hundred years, it has been politically challenged by the appearance of effectively institutionalized public opinion through elections and, above all, political parties." (Nettl, 1968: 573)
      - "THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SOVEREIGNTY
        Sovereignty presents no problem in countries with well-developed
        traditions of state since the one is identical with the other" (nettl 1968: 580).
      - Italy the autonomy is, on the other hand, strongly marked, but die sovereignty is historically and empirically in considerable doubt. Whatever its formal claims, the Italian state can be demonstrated as being in effect no more than a sector of activities sharply differentiated from others but effectively sovereign only in its
        particular sphere (Nettl, 1968: 569)
      - "It is important, however, to avoid any simple identification between the existence of a state, on the one hand, and the development of effective and stable sovereignty on the other. In spite of the intellectual problem of identifying an adequate locus of sovereign power in societies that do not have a well-developed state, there is no empirical problem of sovereignty in most of these countries" (nettl 1968: 581). #
    - - The difference as well as the logical connection between sovereignty and state takes on a very special aspect in this context. The intellectual existence of notions of sovereignty, as well as their identification with the fundamental order of any polity, is common to the whole European tradition and constitutes one of its historical-intellectual peculiarities: the idea accompanied closely by the reality. The notion of state, however, does not follow logically or necessarily from the notion of sovereignty. (Nettl, 1968: 573)
- - - - Ideal type: "Nettl: the problem of sovereignty is, for social scientists, a dead duck. More than thirty years ago, Frederick Watkins pushed sovereignty to the margin of political science concerns by insisting that it be regarded as a "limiting concept"—an ideal-typical situation that had to be qualified in all sorts of ways. He qualified it with the notion
        of autonomy, another limiting concept that applied both to the state itself and to all the associations within or below it, and as such eroded the value of sovereignty as a unique political factor.(1968: 560)
      - "The European experience of stateness was essentially the product of a particularization or narrowing of sovereignty into ethnically homogeneous or at least ethnically defined areas. The transformation of postmedieval sovereignty into stateness and nationality has, with some exceptions such as Austria and Russia, generally resulted in an overall shrinking of significant territoriality and in all cases in a narrowing of potential references" (nettl, 1968: 590)
  - - - In this international context the concept of state, in addition to being a unit, also generates the almost exclusive and acceptable locus of resource mobilization. Whatever the state may or may not be internally [...] (which is the subject of this article), there have in the past been few challenges to both its sovereignty and its autonomy in "foreign affairs." (Nettl, 1968: 563-564) :warning: IMPORTANT TO BRAKE DOWN SOVEREIGNTY TO OBERVE INTER-STATE RELATIONS