Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Upper respiratory infection (Can cause (Epiglottitis (common in children…
Upper respiratory infection
Can cause
Laryngotracheobronchitis
Swelling inside the trachea which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of barking cough,stridor and hoarse voice
Caused by
Parainfluenza
Influenza
Respiratory syncytial virus
Causes
Breathlessness
Inspiratory stridor
Seal like cough
Inflammation of larynx and trachea
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Humidified oxygen
Epiglottitis
(common in children between 2-7 (peaks in 3 year old))
Causes
Cellulitis of epiglottis which can cause complete obstruction of airway
Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties)
Drooling
Fever
Stridor
Dyspnoea
Lethargy
Caused by
Heamophilus influenza type B
Strep. A
Staph. Pneumonia
Treatment
Secure airway admission
Antibiotics
Diagnosis
Blood culture
Epiglottic culture
Do not touch it because it might rupture and cause further sytemic or local infection
Laryngitis
Causes
Horseness
Harsh voice
Caused by
Viral
Treatment
Symptomatic
Voice rest
Humidification
Diphtheria
Diagnosis
Grey/white patch in the pseudomembrane of the upper respiratory tract
Severe exudate
Nasal/Throat/Pharyngeal swab culture
Symptoms
Bull neck swelling due to infection of the lymph nodes (lymphodenopathy)
Low grade fever
Grey/white patch found in the upper respiratory tract
Complications
Toxin secretions
Damage to distant organs
Myocarditis
Neuritis
Vocal cord paralysis
Treatment
Diptheria antitoxin (only neutralizes unbound toxins)
Antibiotics Penicillin G/Erythomycin
Airway management
DTaP and booster vaccine
Pharyngitis
(common in children between 4-7 years)
Acute Otitis media
Presence of fluid in the middle ear
Occurs after viral URTI
Fever, lethargy (lack of energy)
Causes
Eustachian tube build up
Fever
Lethargy (lack of energy)
irritability
Ear pain
Ear discharge
Hearing loss
Reddened tympanic membrane
Mastoidosis
Infection of mastoid bone that travels to orbital bones and cause infection in the back of the eyes. The infection can also travel to the cranium and cause meningitis. They can also travel down the respiratory tract and cause bronchitis.
Attic infection
Damage to the roof of the middle ear
Cholesteatoma (keratonisaing squamous epithelium in the middle ear/mastoid process)
Caused by
Staphylococcus Pneumonia
Sinusitis
Inflammation of para nasal sinus
Diagnosis
X-ray
(often shows air/fluid levels and thickening of soft tissue)
CT scan
of sinuses
Treatment
Resolve spontaneously
Empirical antibiotics
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Decongestants
Analgesia
Common cold
Symptomatic treatment
Sore throat
Causes
Viral pharyngitits
Tonsilitis
Epiglottitis
Drooling
Diptheria
Gonococcal infection
Unilateral tonsilar swelling
Caused by
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Infectious mononucleosis
Diagnosis
Clinical history
Diptheria
Group A streptococci
Ebstein Barr Virus
Microbiological
Throat swab
EBV serology
Blood culture if epiglottis
Treatment
Consider antibotics if the patient has 3 of the 5
Centor Criteria
Fever
Purulent tonsils
Cervical adenopathy
Absence of cough
History of Otitis media
Penicillin for 10 days if Strep.Pyogene
Acute Brociactasis
Causes
Inflammation of the trachobronchial tree
Generalised respiratory infection
Cough (no sputum production)
Caused by
Viral
Coronavirus
Influenza
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza
RSv
Rhinovirus
Bacterial
Bordetella
Chlamydophila
Mycoplasma
Treatment
Symptomatic tratment
Antibiotics
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Caused by
Bacteria
Gram positive
Neisseria
Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase negative staphylococci
Streptococcus anginosis
Anaerobic and microaerophilic streptococci
Gram negative
Legionella
Ricketsia
Bordetella
Haemophilus influenza
Mycoplasma
Viral
Chlamydia
Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
Parainfluenza
Lower respiratory tract infection
Fungi
Mucor
Aspergillus
Candida
Risk factors
Travel
Contact
Social factors
Season (winter is more common)
Gender
Age (mostly get common cold)
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Damaged defense mechanisms
Physical barrier
Mucus
Cilia
Hair
Normal flora
Saliva
Adaptive immune response
Innate immune response
Spread of disease
Aspiration
(normal and colonizing flora)
Direct
(touch, medical equipment)
Fomite
(infected material such as clothes or utensils) (virus transmition)
Droplet
s (cough or sneeze)
Treatment
Symptomatic mostly
Analgesia
Decongestants
Sinus puncture/Lavage
Fungal
Ventilation acquired
Hospiral acquired
Vancomycin
Community acquired pneumonia
(outpatients) Co-amoxiclav
(In-patients) Co-amoxiclav, Clarithromycin
(ICU) Piptazobactam IV, Clarithromycin IV
Further complications
Meningitis
Brain abscess
Orbital cellulits
Bronchitis