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STH2203 LU4:OSMOREGULATION (2 OSMOREGULATION MECHANISMS KIDNEY FUNCTION (…
STH2203 LU4:OSMOREGULATION
DEFINE
OSMOLARITY
the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter
OSMOREGULATION
the maintainance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentration
DIFFERENT
OSMOCONFORMERS AND OSMOREGULATORS
Osmoconformers
is which animal internal osmolarity changes relevant to external environment
(eg; hagfish)
Osmoregulators
is maintaining their osmolarity with environment because of their salts concentration
Osmoregulators
also more extensive energy to control water process in the body
(eg; human, freshwater fish insects)
STENOHALINE AND UERYHALINE
Stenohaline (Narrow)
cannot tolerate in the salinity of water
(eg; freshwater and marine organisms)
Euryhaline (Wide)
can tolerate in the salinity of water
(eg; salmon, molly, eel)
2 OSMOREGULATION MECHANISMS KIDNEY FUNCTION
:warning: Urine is the byproduct of the osmoregulatory function of kidneys which filter blood, reabsorb water and nutrients and secrete watses.
:warning: Hormonal control of water and salt concentration.
HORMONE INVOLVED
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
PRIMARY REGULATORY MECHANISM
RAAS
SECONDARY REGULATORY MECHANISM
DIFFERENT
COUNTER-CURRENT MECHANISMS
Long loop of Henle establish a vertical osmotic gradient
Collecting duct of all nephrons use the gradient in conjuction with the hormones
RENAL CLEARANCE
Factor that affecting Renal Clearance
Drug interactions
Disease state
Urine pH
Biological factors
Plasma concentration of drug
Blood flow to the kidney
Physiochemical properties of drug
