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POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT (Population change (Demographic transition…
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
Overpopulation
YOUTH BULGE
The youth bulge is a common phenomenon in many developing countries, and in particular, in the least developed countries
where a country achieves success in reducing infant mortality but mothers still have a high fertility rate.
It is often due to a lack of education
If girls are educated and are going to school, then they are more likely to get a job and have children in later life.
Can be due to lack of contraception
Girls are less likely to have children at young ages
Population diagrams
A population diagram shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
https://populationpyramid.net/
The population change refers to change in the number of people during the specific time.
Population distribution
Population density is determined more by environmental factors which make an area more or less attractive to settlers than by economic development.
Patterns of population distribution tend to be uneven.
Population density is the average number of people per square kilometre.
Population density is calculated using the following formula:
Population density = total population ÷ total land area in km²
Environmental and human factors affect the spread of people across the world.
Case studies
Population change
Population pyramids show the structure of a population by comparing relative numbers of people in different age groups.
Population change is different in different economic background countries - LEDC's and MEDC's
Population numbers change over time, influenced by births, deaths and migration into or out of the area. Global population levels, having grown slowly for most of human history, are now rising.
Demographic transition models show population change over time - and also show marked differences between LEDCs and MEDCs.
It studies how birth rate and death rate affect the total population of a country.
As a country passes through the demographic transition model, the total population rises
Things that cause the rate of population growth depends on the amount of people born, to the amount of people who die to the amount of people who migrate to each country
natural increase = birth rate - death rate
MEDCs have low population growth rates, with low death rates and low birth rates.
Population will decline if death rate is greater than birth rate.
Population will increase if death rate is less than birth rate.
Managing population
LEDCs have to manage rapid population growth.
MEDCs have to manage slow or negative growth and an ageing population.
CAUSES OF POPULATION GROWTH
Children are a valuable source of labour and income for a family. They can work on the land from a young age and as they get older they can earn money in other jobs.
High rates of infant mortality
Limited access to family planning services and education about contraception.
Lack of a good education meaning no qualifications for a future job
Birth rates in MEDCs are falling as people choose to have smaller families later in life. Contraception is easily available and well understood.
AGEING POPULATION
As people live longer, the structure of a population changes.
As birth rates fall and people have smaller families, the number of young dependants is falling and the number of elderly dependants is rising.
The high birth rate in LEDCs results in a high proportion of the population under 15. This youthful population gives a country specific problems.
Healthcare and an education is expensive for these children