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Reform Policies after 1953 (Khrushchev ("The Thaw" = policy…

- - - - recentralize industry - central planning, quantity over quality
      - "scientific -technical revolution"
      - over centralized, low efficiency, poor quality
      - can not meet demand for consumer goods and defense spendings
    - - over centralized + shrinking population
    - - "Brezhnev Doctrine" crushes Prague Spring 1968
      - Detente with West - SALT treaties
      - proxy wars in 3rd world
      - Afgainistan Debacle - "Soviet Vietnam"
- - - - Gorbachev overestimated party's ability to lead reform and overestimated the party's support among people
      - underestimated nationalism
      - too much too fast = dismantled old economy before a new one was ready; both political and economic reform simultaneously
      - trusted party conservatives
      - indecisive: wanted to hold system together; must balance conservatives and radicals
    - - population lost faith in the system which was too rigid
      - rapid economic collapse
      - division of the party elite, KGB, and army
      - no democratic tradition
      - no tradition of legal capitalism
      - deep national resentments
      - cultural and economic globalization
- - - - hardliner communists in parliament take over white house; Yeltsin calls this an "armed Communist-fascist mutiny", Yeltsin wins out and pushes through a new constition