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Method: corpus-based discourse analysis (Concepts (corpus linguistics…
Method: corpus-based discourse analysis
Weaknesses and critique
Too broad (no close reading of texts)
Subjective: every analyst interprets the data from some perspective
Personal and non-personal bias
Selecting certain sources and methods
Cut-off points up to researcher. A linked issue: ”data can be subtly ’massaged’ in order to reveal results that are interesting, controversial or simply confirm our suspicions” (179)
Missed meanings: No gestures and tones involved
Can't make straight-up judgements; a word might not be common in a corpus because it's implied.
You can't automatically know whether someone is being quoted or why a certain word is used by a speaker
FREQUENCY: it's not the same as saliency; just because a word occurs close to another one, they might not be linked.
Methods
Frequency
Clusters
Keyness
key words
key categories
remember to explain cut-off point decisions
Concordances (key words in context)
Collocations
Analysis of nominalization, modality, attribution, and metaphor.
AntConc program due to its price, platform, features and ease of use
Not within the scope of this research: singular and plural forms, although possibly revealing, are not distinguished. Euphemisms and anaphoras not included.
Concepts
corpus
corpus linguistics
Both qualitative and quantitative
discourse
DA and CDA
"hostile media effect"
corpus-driven analysis
corpus building
cognitive metaphor theory
news values
Data
Spoken
”Spontaneous spoken data can be particularly useful in helping to identify how discourses are constructed and maintained at grass-roots level. Compared to written language, spoken data can be a more organic, unedited, untidy affair, full of inconsistencies and unconscious verbal tics (one reason why interviews and focus group can yield good data” (177)
Con: we can’t get the actual impression of hearing it (with the tone and the style of saying it, whether it’s a joke or whatever), see written text and it’s font size and style, colors, layout and visuals.
From media houses
Expectations of the broadcasters?
Different roles and opinions; guests, hosts, specialists...
Radio speech in written form
People are more likely to be careful when writing or talking to a large formal audience (181).
Unclear parts and mumbling