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Oligopoly (Duopoly (Cartel (Union (無法維持 (對各個成員不利, 對整個社會有利))), collusion…
Oligopoly
條件
Few sellers
P>MC
產品類似或相同
Game theory
Consider others' respond
Duopoly
Downward-sloping demand curve
Cartel
Union
無法維持
對各個成員不利
對整個社會有利
collusion
Agreement among firms
Q?
P?
Prisoners' dilemma
Dominant strategy
Nash equilirium
Government's action
Induce firms
Closer to the social optimum
Antitrust law
Resale price maintenance
Predatory pricing
Tying