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LU4: OSMOREGULATION (Primary regulatory mechanism: Antidiuretic hormone…
LU4: OSMOREGULATION
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Osmoregulators: Animals that able to maintain their internal osmolarity regardless of external salt concentration, & expand energy to control water movement.
Eg: Marine verterbrates, fresh water organisms, humans, & other animals.
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Euryhaline (wide): Opposites of stenohaline thus, able to endure wide range of salinities.
Eg: Salmon, molly, eels, green crab.
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Freshwater fish: Gills actively absorb salt & have large glomerulus to increase NaCl reabsorption & water excretion.
Saltwater fish: Gill actively release Cl-, passively remove Na+, & absence of glomerulus to reduce water excretion.
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Countercurrent Mechanism
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- After filtrate entered the descending limb, it will become more concentrated since it lost water.
- Ascending limb pumps out Na+, K+, & Cl-, & filtrate becomes hyposmotic.
- In vasa recta, blood removes water by leaving loop of Henle.
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Glucose regulation
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Glycosuric threshold is the plasma glucose concentration for given glomerular filtration rate (GFR).