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Thermoregulation (How animals keep warm in cold (-Vasoconstriction (Blood…

- - - - :check: Eg: Invertebrate at tidal pool
        :pencil2: During high tide,body temperature same as water (-1.8dc) but not frozen
        :pencil2: During low tide,animal exposed to cold air temperature at -30 degree celcius
        :pencil2: freezing occur only at extracellular fluid while wtaer withdraw from intracellular fluid
        :pencil2: intracellular fluid very concentrated but not frozen and help to protect cells from ruptured
    - - :check: Supercooling when pure water readily cooled down to -20 degree celcius before it freeze
      - :check: Amphibians and Reptiles :pencil2: Cooled down to -8 degree celcius without freezing :pencil2:Freeze when in contact with eye crystals
      - :check: Arctic or Antarctic Fish :pencil2: Avoid freezing by producing anti-freeze compounds :pencil2: Lower freezing point by prevent water molecule enter ice crystal lattice so ice crystal lattice have no change in size
      - :check: Glycerol :pencil2: Effective in lowering both supercooling and freezing point :pencil2: Glycerol concentration increase before winter :pencil2: Min freezing point temperature at -37.8 degree celcius :pencil2: Present in most overwintering insects
- - - - -Muscle tone, shivering> Control heat production
    - - -Skin vasoconstriction, vasodilation> Control heat loss
    - - -Control of heat production or loss
    - - -Sweating> Control heat loss