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Thermoregulation (Definition (Thermoregulation -a process of regulation…

- - - - Convection
        -take place in fluid phase & involve mass movement of fluid
        -warm fluid have lower density
      - Radiation
        -heat is transfer between objects that are not in direct contact
      - Conduction
        -when there is physical contact between two surface with different temperature.
        -heat is transfer from hot to colder ( down temp gradient)
        -animal fur and feathers are very poor conductors, therefore a good insulators
      - Evaporation
        -when water becomes vapour, it takes heat from the surface it is contact with
        -sweating- animals lossheat from the body
      - Eg:1) elephant flap their ears (remove heat via convection) or spray their body with water (evaporating cooling)
        2) Marsupials lick their body with saliva for cooling
        3) desert animals-enter estivation state when the days become too hot and the vegetation too dry
- - - - Freeze-tolerance
        eg: invertebrates at tidal pool
        -freezing only occurs on their extracellular fluid while withdraw water from intracellular fluid which is concentrated
        and unfrozen. This will protect cells from rupturing.
        -cell is able to tolerate high osmotic concentration
      - Supercooling & anti-freeze compound
        -Artctic or Antarctic fish avoid freezing by production of anti-freeze compound (amino acid alanine)
        -the compound function to lower the freezing point by preventing the entering of water molecules
        into the ice crystal lattice
        -glycerol is effective in owering both the freezing and supercooling point (glycerol concentration increase just before winter)