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Speciation: formation of a new species in a course of evolution (Breeding,…
Speciation: formation of a new species in a course of evolution
Breeding
Temporal Isolation
Mechanism that prevents species from mating
Examples: American toad and the Fowler's toad
Postzygotic Barrier
reduction of reproductive capacity
Examples: hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown
Behavior Isolation
A mechanism in which species don't mate because of differences in behavior
Examples: blue-footed booby.
Prezygotic Barrier
Prevention of fetilization
Examples: Habitat isolation, behavioral isolation, temporal isolation, mechanical isolation and gametic isolation
Gametic Isolation
When an egg and sperm cell come into contact but do not fertilize
Examples: Sea urchins
Mechanical Isolation
Feature that prevents species from interbreeding
Examples: reproductive barrier
Regional
Allopatric Speciation
When the same species becomes isolated from each other
Examples: the formation of new squirrel species after the formation of the Grand Canyon
Sympatric Speciation
When a new species evolves from an ancestral species in the same geographic region
Examples: in animals, which is the divergence of resident and transient Orca in the northeast Pacific (RARE), more common in plants
Habitat Isolation
When the same species becomes isolated from each other
Examples: if two populations of flies exist in the same geographical area, but one group lives in the soil and another lives on the surface of the water, members of the two populations are very unlikely to meet and reproduce