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OSMOREGULATION (URINE CONCENTRATION (Increase ADH levels (Less volume of…

- - - - Water diffuses from high water concentration to low water concentration (Lumen to peritubular fluid)
      - Osmolarity of lumen fluid increases
    - - Permeable to solute, Impermeable to water
      - Passive diffusion of salts from tubular fluid to peritubular fluid
      - Active reabsorption of solutes
      - Osmolarity of lumen fluid decreases
- - - - INULIN or CREATININE clearance can be used to determine GFR.
- - - - Organism that adapt to osmolarity changes.
      - Does not use much energy.
    - - Organism that actively maintain internal osmolarity.
      - Expends energy.
    - - Tolerate small range of salinity.
      - e.g:
      - Either OC/OR
    - - Tolerate wide ranges of salinity
      - e.g: Salmon
      - Capable to switch from OC to OR and vice versa
    - - Absorbs salt at gill
      - Large glomerulus
    - - Excrete salts at gill
      - Reduce/absence glomerulus
- - - - Increase systemic blood pressure
      - Maintain blood pressure in glomerulus
      - Ensure normal filtration rate of glomerulus