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Lamis Algurashi (Industrial Revolution) (Agricultural Revolution…
Lamis Algurashi (Industrial Revolution)
Agricultural Revolution
The Enclosure Act: An act by the government that closed down common land to create bigger farm spaces.
Positive Consequences
More foods and goods with lower prices.
Higher food production leads to more money
Population increase
Negative Consequences
need to now spend money in order to buy food, instead of farming
People might lose their land and not have a place to live
Crop Rotation: The growing of different crops at once on a piece of land to avoid exhausting the soil and to control weeds, pests, and diseases. (It’s a traditional practice)
Positive Consequences
More crops at once (a variety of crops)
Fertile soil
Controls weeds, pests, and diseases
A surplus of food = Commercial farming.
Negative Consequences
Farmer’s displaced
Agricultural Technological Advances
Seed Drill (Jethro Tull)
Steam Driven Harvester (Jethro Tull)
Harvested grains
Positive Consequences
Along with new forms of breeding and crop rotation, this invention set off the agricultural revolution.
Negative Consequences
Caused unemployment.
Textiles: Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney)
Cleaned cotton 50 times faster than a human could.
Positive Consequences
Made it easier for everyday life.
Cleaned cotton made for a faster production of clothes and textiles.
Negative Consequences
required more work which resulted in the use of child labourers.
Spread out seeds and planted them all mechanically, doing a man’s job for him.
Positive Consequences
Made it easier for everyday life.
Negative Consequences
Creates pollution since the coal that is burned harms the environment.
Technological Advances
Seed Drill (Jethro Tull)
Textiles: Steam Engine
(James Watt)
Steam driven harvester
(Jethro Tull)
Steam Locomotive
(Richard Trevithick)
Steam ship
(Robert Fulton)
Textiles:
Flying Shuttle
(John Kay)
Textiles: The spinning Jenny
(James Hargreaves)
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Speeds up the weaving process.
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Used to transport goods or textiles from one place to another over the sea.
Positive Consequences
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Negative Consequences
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A train that runs on steam power.
Positive Consequences
Humans are able to travel faster and farther out into the world. So can goods.
Negative Consequences
Creates pollution since the coal that is burned harms the environment
Harvested grains
Positive Consequences
Along with new forms of breeding and crop rotation, this invention set off the agricultural revolution.
Negative Consequences
Caused unemployment.
Replaced water power with steam power, allowing factories to be built anywhere.
Positive Consequences
Lead to more inventions
Important tool to create inventions.
You didn’t need to be beside a river or water source when powering any machine.
Negative Consequences
Creates pollution since the coal that is burned harms the environment
(Mining)
Spread out seeds and planted them all mechanically, doing a man’s job for him.
Positive Consequences
Made it easier for everyday life.
Negative Consequences
Creates pollution since the coal that is burned harms the environment.
Social System
Child Laborers
Work Conditions
Children were forced to work long hours without sleep and if they fell asleep then they were beaten.
Positive
Factory owners where able to get more money at a lower price due to use of child labourers.
Negative
Not moral and ruined the lives of thousands of children.
A lot of dangerous tools could cut fingers and arms off or even kill them.
Positive
"Factory owners were able to get help and whenever a child died they could always get some more from the orphanage." Factory Owner's way of thinking.
Negative
Not moral
More and more children died of the gruesome conditions in factories. More than often, children were forced to work with things that could lead to their death.
Living Conditions
Refer to the living conditions of the poor...
Rights
Child Labor was not abolished until 1938
Negative Consequences
Now, the factory owner's had to pay more to their workers and with a slower productivity rate and fewer workers. Less money went to the owner's
Positive Consequences
They where not allowed to work until the age of 16.
Improved many children's lives in the US and Britian
Children had to go to school.
Factory Workers
Negative
Living Conditions.
Lived in crowded tenements
The workers got sick often due to drinking contaminated water.
Workers stayed poor, weak, and sick.
Worked long hours with little to no pay.
Positive
People started fighting for the rights of Factory Workers.
Factory Act: Limited number of hours women or children could work for.
Soon children were required to have an education.
Living Conditions
The wealthy would live on the first floors. As the steps increase the status of the person living there decreases.Therefore, if the person were to live on the top floor, they’re thought the poorest and the lowest of them all.
Some of the poor would also live in what is known as urban slums.
Negative
Their filthy places also known as tenements.
Negative
Houses where small and packed tightly together
Negative
About 8 people in a house that would fill 4.
Negative
Diseases and illnesses spread
Positive (Owner)
Factory owner's didn't have to pay much attention to the living conditions of the workers, therefore by paying less they gain more money.
Classes
Classes consisted of...
First Class
Those living in the highest of luxuries.
Factory Owners
Government officials
Middle Class
Middle Class Grew due to the increased division of labor.
Poor
The poor consisted of those who could only just afford their luxuries. Mostly those who where victims to Urbanization.
Factory Workers/Child Labourers
Those who worked for little or no pay at all and subject to the mercy of the factory owner they worked for.
To know more of their working and living condition, refer to the sections, "Factory workers and Child Labourers"
The Economy
Communism/Socialism
Communism
Economic System where wealth is distributed Equally.
Theory: Everybody equal in wealth and in class
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
Workers should have more rights.
1848: The communist Manifesto
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Socialism
Recommended
Cross between Communism and Capitalism.
Ex. Provide health care and shelter for citizens.
Some things provided while others not
Capitalism/Free Enterprise Economy
Capitalsim
Adam Smith Wrote "The Wealth of Nations"
Exploited People
Wealth comes from labor.
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Led to Colonialism
Negative
Took over other countries to gain natural resources.
Positive Consequences
A zero sum gain
Wealth comes from labor.
Free Enterprise Economy
True free enterprise is no government at all.
Urban Migration
Urbanization
Turning rural areas into urban areas. Small towns becoming larger cities.
HAPPENED OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME...
When people moved to the city due to...
people being displaced due to the lack of jobs.
Effects
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Effects in the 20th Century
The most industrialised countries had the most power
United States
Germany
Japan
Britain
Sine the revolution, modern countries continue to value new technology.
The Ages
Steel Age
Age: The spread of Industrialism
Age: Rise in Mass Production
It means manufacturing things in a great quantity. Items are identical and at less expensive prices than handmade products
There was a rise in mass production.
Industrialism spread to other countries.
The spread of industrialism also includes the slave triangle between the US, Europe, and Africa.
Everything increased in the country, such as the US's railroad.
Belgium
United States
France
Japan
The Slave Triangle was a triangle situated between Africa, Britain, and the US. Trading Slaves as well as goods that benefits each person's need.
Positive Consequences
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Negative Consequences
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Andrew Carnegie
Positive Consequences
new ways to make high quality steel and iron.
Steel also allowed for the building of skyscrapers and because it’s more flexible than iron.
production soared since the steam engine was available