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62 year old man, 8kg loss in 6 months (no diet, no increase in physical…
62 year old man, 8kg loss in 6 months (no diet, no increase in physical activity :!:
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Social
poverty, abuse, neglect, oral health (dental health)
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GI (6-19%)
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pain, satiety, dysphagia, diarrhoea
Respi (6%)
COPD (Advanced)
cachexia. combination of increased energy expenditure from work of breathing as well as neurohormonal changes. COPD should be evident on history and physical examination
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Endocrine (4-11%)
hyperthyroidism
irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, heat intolerance, diarrhea, enlargement of the thyroid, and weight loss
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adrenal insufficiency
low amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol; but may also include impaired production of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), which regulates sodium conservation, potassium secretion, and water retention
hypopituitarism
blood tests, but often specific scans and other investigations are needed to find the underlying cause, such as tumors of the pituitary
carcinoid syndrome
paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary to carcinoid tumors. The syndrome includes flushing and diarrhea, and, less frequently, heart failure and bronchoconstriction.
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Renal (4%)
Renal failure
Renal failure may result in weight gain caused by inadequate renal excretion; advanced renal failure may lead to protein energy malnutrition
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CVS (2-9%)
cardiac failure, cardiac cachexia
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Drug-induced weight loss
antiepileptics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, stimulants, diuretics, laxatives
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