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Comparison of Cold War Crises (The Korean War (1950 - 1953) (Impacts…
Comparison of Cold War Crises
The Korean War
(1950 - 1953)
Impacts
"
Economic
and
Social
damage to the Korean Peninsula was incalculable, especially in the North" - B. W. Bline
Causualties:
over 50 000 US, 3000 UN, 1/2 million Chinese, 3 million Koreans
No territorial changes
The USA failed to implement
'roll back'
when the opportunity came when UN forces were at the Yalu River, bordering China (October 1951) - instead showing a
contiunation of containment
Historian
Halliday
marks 1953 as the "end of the first cold war" and the beginning of an era of
"Oscillatory Antagonism
- where attempts to lessen confrontation results in the emergence of new tensions and crises
Causes
American policy of
'containment'
of communism
Kim Ill Sung's
determination
for the unification of the Korean Peninsula; completely communism (initially rejected by the soviets)
Success in China (October 1st 1949) -
Communism Success
; felt assured
Soviets authorised invasion (1950)
Detonation of soviet atomic bomb (1949) -
Soviet Success
Implementation of
'roll back'
stated in
NSC-68
(April 1950) on enforcements of soviet advancments
The Berlin Crisis and Wall
(1961)
Causes
Economic
fleeing of skilled workers
West berliners buying cheaper goods in East Berlin causes a scarcity of goods
Ideological
Bad propaganda - demonstrated the success of the west
"the objectives of the USSR remained the same - fight against capitalism and the export of communism - the strategies, only, have changed" - Hachette
Change in Leadership
Post Eisenhower = Kennedy (1961)
Khruchev thought he could bully and manipulate Kennedy's inexperience with diplomacy
Kru. renewed his ultimatum (made in 1958) in 1961 stating the West Berlin be ceded to the East
Ulbrich demands soviet intervention to close borders
Impacts
Suffering of
German - American relations
because of their unwillingness to defend
Highlighted weakness of soviet block
USA exercise
brinkmanship
@ checkpoint Charlie - "nearly escalating to nuclear confrontation" - F. Taylor
Continuation of Containment
Soviet Reluctance to start a "hot" war - "We are not going to start WW3 over Berlin" - Kruchev
Change of USSR policy / leadership
Stalin = communism via violence
Kru = peaceful co-existence - nations will witness the economic and social rewards of communism and an uprising will occur naturally