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Waves in matter :wavy_dash: (Wave motion (Wavelength (distance between…
Waves in matter :wavy_dash:
Wave motion
Wavelength
distance between each wave
wave length= v/f
Frequency
number of waves in one second (hertz)
f=1/t
Amplitude
Height of the crest from the centre
Period
time for 1 oscillation to occur (s)
T=1/f
Wave velocity
The speed of the waves (m/s)
V = f x wavelength
Types of Waves
Longitudinal
P waves
Can travel through both liquid and solid
Fast
medium moves parallel to wave direction
Sound waves as they form waves that have compressions
Sound needs a medium to travel as it is a longitudinal wave which requires a medium
Transverse
S waves
Cannot travel through a liquid
Slow
Medium moves perpendicular to wave direction
Waves in water as they form visible waves with a peak and a trough
Surface
Longer wave
Slow speed
Large amiitude
Plate Boundaries
Conservative
When the plates move in opposite directions or in the same direction but at different speeds.
Earthquakes
Destructive
When one plate boundary is forced under the other.
This leads to violent volcanoes with low viscous magma
Collision Zone
When the two plates are forced into each other.
Fold mountains
Metamorphism
Constructive
When two plates move away from each other and the space is filled with magma that rises up through the gap and over onto the top to create a new rock crust.
Waves at a material interface
When waves hit a material interface several things happen
There is a reflection
The wave changes direction
The wave slows down
The human ear
A sound wave is produced by an object
The sound wave travels through the air
The ear flap (
pinna
) funnels the sound into the ear
Ear drum vibrates
Three small bones pass the vibrations on to the cochlea and amplify them
Nerve cells in the cochlea send messages to the brain when moved by vibration
Nerve carries message to brain
Ultrasound
In the body
Ultrasound is sent into the body
Reflected off organs and components of the body
Processed by machine
In the water
Ultrasound wave is sent out from the ship
When it hits the sea floor it is reflected back
Distance to sea floor is calculated
1/2 x speed x time
How do scientists calculate the centre of the earth
Complex calculations using the P and S waves
P waves can travel through the liquid core
Waves are distorted and change direction when they pass through the core
S waves cannot travel through liquid core
No waves are detected directly underneath the core
Tells scientist how wide the core is