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LINGUISTIC 20170314 p.147 (The theories of word meaning (Reference (The…
LINGUISTIC 20170314 p.147
Anomaly
When constitutionality goes awry
Metaphor 隱喻
When what appears to be an anomaly is nevertheless understood in terms of a meaningful concept
the expression becomes a metaphor
Walls have ears. 隔牆有耳
The night has a thousand eyes and
Our doubts are traitors.
provide some kind o
f resemblance or compariosn
相似性
Idioms
not predictable on the basis of the meanings of the individual words
FEATURES
Movability
The parts of some idioms can be moved without affecting the idiomatic sense
Radicals were kept tabs on by the FBI
Rule-breaking
Idioms can break the rules on combining semantic properties.
Humor
ex. What did the doctor tell the vegetarian about his surgically implanted heart valve from a pig?
Syntax-defying
Playing with idioms
Lexical Semantics詞彙語意學 p.152 153
The meaning of entries in the mental lexicon is conventional.
Composition
The theories of word meaning
Referent
the real-world object
Reference
The meaning of a word or expression; its association with the object it refers to
the reference will change
meaning
reference
sense
Solution
The reference part of a word's meaning, if it has reference a t all, is the association with its referent.