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Responses to the Great Depression (Germany ((Adolf Hitler; 1889-1945), d.…
Responses to the Great Depression
United States
• Type of Government
Democratic Republic: the people vote for who to be in power. Power is split up into three branches -- executive, judicial, and legislative.
The New Deal
The New Deal in America created was intended to increase the country's economy after recent economic fall. Some ideas implemented were long term employment opportunities, decreased agriculture production -- which was meant to decrease the food surplus and raise prices. The US government also helped pay mortgages and raised wages. The New Deal forced the US government to give back to people and help them economically.
• The Crash of 1929
On Black Thursday, stock investors rushed to sell their stocks out of paranoia. The drop in stock prices caused people to lose their savings and for them to call in loans, causing more investors to sell.
• American Economic Contraction
• Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act was put into protect businessmen and farmers and increase product production. The act therein raised the prices of over 20,000 products in the US and put more strain on Americans during the Great Depression.
• Social Conditions for Americans
During this time, Americans suffered greatly. Not only were these people without jobs and in poverty, marriage and birthrates declined while suicide rates rose. People who just got out of college had no options for jobs.
• Keynesian Economics
Keynesian Economics in the Great Depression
Franklin Roosevelt 1933-1945
Summary
Soviet Union
Joeseph Stalin; 1878-1953
Vladimir Lenin; 1870-1924
• Type of Government
Communism promised peace, equality and stability to all people, but after the Bolshevik Revolution, those promises were not fulfilled. Communism was the concept of all people earning the same pay no matter how much work they did, and was favored by lower-classes.
• Bolshevik Revolution
Bolshevik Revolution
• War Communism
War Communism
• New Economic Policy (NEP)
The New Economic Policy (NEP) restored some free market policies. While the state still held control over banks, transportation, and communication facilities, small-scale facilities -- primarily those with fewer than twenty workers -- could be run by individuals.
• Five-Year Plans
The Five Year Plan kept products in government hands and distributed them to people only through its permission. The plan determined where that product would go for the next five years, and was the exact opposite of free market; business owners had no power in what they were able to sell. The plan gave the federal government complete control over the economy.
• Collectivization
Collectivization of agriculture was the process of forcing peasant farmers off their privately-owned land to ensure all farms were run by the state. All profits made by farmers were shared. The goal was to ensure agricultural efficiency and make sure all farmers were fed.
• The Great Purge
The Great Purge, implemented by Stalin, was an attempt to remove all forms of opposition from the Soviet Union. These attempts included execution or a sentence to labor camps. These acts are what gave the Soviet Union the name, "Congress of Victims" as apposed to "Congress of Victors."
Summary
Italy
Benito Mussolini; 1883-1945
• Type of Government: Dictatorship: The Italian government had complete control over their people and the fascist laws created a one-party dictatorship. They moved to eliminate all other political parties.
• The Fascist State
Racism and antisemitism fueled the Italian Fascist State between 1925 and 1931. A series of laws consolidated the Fascists' power.
Summary
Germany
Adolf Hitler; 1889-1945
• Dictatorship: Hitler ruled completely ruled over Germany and made the decisions for his country.
d. Nazi Party
Nazi Party
e. National Socialism
Socialism attracted the German people
f. Hitler’s Rise to Power
The German economy was left in shambles after WWI, so when Hitler came in promising a socialist economy, the people ate it right up. By making himself the Fuhrer of Germany, Hitler consolidated his power.
g. The Racial State
Hitler's ideal race were the "Aryans," or people of non-Jewish descent with blonde hair, blue eyes, and physical fitness.
h. Women and Race
Women were encouraged to become mothers to raise birth rates. They would give awards to women who had many children.
i. Nazi Eugenics
Eugenics was a fake and biased science that tried to prove that the Aryan race was supreme over all other races.
j. Anti-Semitism
The hate and discrimination against Jewish people that will eventually lead to the start of concentration camps
k. Nuremberg Laws
Set of laws that prohibited Jews from doing many things in Germany. Examples are marry non-Jews, being Reich Citizens, and Jewish doctors and lawyers were prohibited to help non-Jews.
l. Kristallnacht
On November 9-10, 1938, Nazi soldiers raided Jewish shops
and home. They killed people, beat them, and took many of them to concentration camps.
Summary
