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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (CD) (Evaluation/Applications Piaget…
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (CD)
Piaget's Theory of
Cognitive Development
4 stages of CD
Schemas
Assimilation - incorporation of new
information
Accommodation: adjusting of schema
Sensorimotor stage: reflexive
patterns (0-2 yrs)
Simple Reflexes
Object permanence
First Habits & Primary
Circular Reactions
#
Secondary Circular
Reactions
#
Coordination of Secondary
Circular Reactions
#
Tertiary Circular
Reactions
#
Schema Internalsisation
#
Preoperational
Stage (2-7 yrs)
Symbolic Function
Substage
Egocentrism
Animism
Intuitive Function
Substage
Lack of
Conservation
Concrete Operational
Stage (7-11 yrs)
Logical Reasoning
Transitivity
Seriation
Formal Operational
Stage (11-15 yrs)
Hypothetical-Inductive
Reasoning
Adolescent
Egocentrism
Vygotsky's Theory of
Cognitive Development
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Scaffolding
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
Private Speech
Evaluation/Applications
Piaget
Groundbreaking Research
Careful observations of children
Some cognitive abilities appear earlier
Missed importance of culture/education
Assumed developmental synchrony - not always the case
Children should seek information for themselves
Teachers should watch & question
Evaluation/Applications Vygotsky
Social Constructivist Approach
Importance of Sociocultural Factors
Not specific about age-related changes
Does not explain effect of socio-emotional changes
Overemphasised role of language
Teachers should actively facilitate learning