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Militarization and Policing- Its Relevance to 21st Century Police…

- - - - * extraordinary measures**:*
        → predawn hour searches
        → BDUs, hoods, military helemts
        → rapid entry
        → battering rams/ entry explosives
        → flash bang gernades
        → frantic room-by-room search
        → handcuffing all occupants
        → noncompliance= lethal action
  - - - Central Critique
        → inappropriate manner- normalizing range of mainstream/proactive police functions
- - - - Explanation: militarization grew backstage- form of resistance to political pressure on American police to adopt CP tactics
        
        Indicates: late-modern state attempting to gain legitimacy and power in confused manner
        
        Findings: not backed by ground-level research evidence; little incoherence between expanding role/ function of SWAT teams and CP reforms
  - - - Goal: community to police their own communities
        
        Emphasized: cultivating constructive relationships with disenfranchised minority groups
    - - Focus: police aggressive police neighborhoods- eliminate signs of disorder to breakdown community controls
        
        →Zero- tolerance policing model- strictly enforce all infractions with law and order
        → Consistent with police using SWAT to aggressively conduct drug raids
- - - - “Rules of engagement”- use of force polices similar to police work—not warfare
        
        As predicted by security analysts:
        → Line between war and law enforcement efforts has blurred considerably
        → “low- intensity conflict”- distinctions between police and military mean little
  - - - Involved:
        →entirely new levels of cooperation/collaboration between civilian police and armed forces
        → military became central player in homeland security & war-on-terror initiatives
        Established: Northcom—legislation making military central feature of homeland security
        
        Controversial role:
        → establishing close operational/ training ties with civilan police
        → survalillance and information program
- - - - Central tenet of democratic policing: strive to keep police as far left on militarization continuum
  - - - Department of Homeland Security:
        → shift in focus- away from humanitarian relief
        → focus: massive security operation (police paramilitary squads, US National Guard etc.)