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Iran (Pahlavis (1925-1979) (Role of Shahs (White revolution: (named to…

- - - - secularized Iran by extending voting rights to women and restricting polygamy and allowing women to work outside the home.
    - - Created a Religious Corps to teach Iranian peasants "true Islam"
  - - - overthrew shah, but power was cut short when British and U.S. authorities reinstalled the power of the shah in order to create more western influence.
- - - - Safavids claimed to be descendents of the Twelve Imams, but Qajars could not. Lead to Shia clerical leaders to be able to claim to be the main interpreters of Islam, causing a separation between government and religion.
  - - - Direct Elections
      - Separation of powers
      - Laws made by an elected legislature
      - Popular sovereignty
      - A Bill of Rights guaranteeing citizens' equality before the law, protections for those accused of crimes, and freedom of expression.
  - - - Constitution retained monarchy but created strong legislature to balance executive power.
        
        New assembly was called the Majles
        
        seats in Majles were guarenteed to the "People of the Book" (Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians)
        
        Only Shiites could hold cabinet positions.
        
        Guardian Council of clerics had power to veto legislation passed by Majles
- - - - People of the book: monotheistic people who subjected their lives to holy books similar to the Qur'an. Safavids shared with other Muslim rulers a special regard for this.
  - - - Geographic features split the empire up leading to the monarchy losing power by 1722