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Iranian Eras (The Qajars- (1794-1925) (retained Shiism (Shia clerical…
Iranian Eras
Safavid Empire
- 1501-1722
Shiite identity
respected
"People of the Book"
- monotheistic people who subjected their lives to the holy books (similar to the Qu'an).
serious economic constraints
trade shifted to Indian and Atlantic Oceans
_
lack of arable land
no large bereaucracy/ standing army
local rulers collected taxes
lost power bc economic problems and divsions
The Qajars
- (1794-1925)
Turkish group
moved capital to Tehran
retained Shiism
Shia clerical leaders started to claim to be main interpreters of Islam
separation of government and religion
debt
Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909
began with business owners and bankers
worried shah would sacrifice domestic debts for European loans
Constitution of 1906
direct elections
separation of powers
elected legislature creating laws
Majles
given to "people of the book"
popular soveriegnty
Bills of Rights
Guardian Council
- clerics with the power to veto any legislation passed by Majles.
The Phalavis
- 1925-1979
started through coup lead by
Colonel Reza Khan
Majles lost power
democratic challenges to shah
Tudeh Party
- masses party.
support from trade unions
communist
National Front
middle class nationalism
rentier state
- economy heavily supported by state expenditure.
oil
import substitution industrialization
- encouraging domestic industries to provide products that the population needs.
"The White Revoultion"
- meant to counter communist (red) influences.
focused on land reform
secularized Iran
women could vote
restricted polygamy
women could work outside home
The Islamic Revolution and Republic
- 1979- present
almost completely religious in nature
resulted in theocracy
Shah's criticisms
shah totalitarian
secular too quickly
ties to the US
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
fundamentalism
- emphasized literal interpretation of Islamic texts, social coservatism, political tradtionalism, and resentments toward US.
velayat-e-faqih
- jurist's guardianship