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Loftus and Palmer (Methodology (Procedures (Experiment 2 (Part 1 (The 150…

- - - - Participant details
        
        45 students in groups of various sizes
      - Research method
        
        Controlled lab experiment
      - Experimental design
        
        Independent measures
      - Independent variable
        
        The verb used in the question: "smashed, hit, contacted"
      - Dependent variable
        
        The students' responses
    - - Most details are the same as experiment 1 except:
        
        There were 150 students participating
        
        The independent variable was the questions they were given and what verbs they used to describe the crash
        
        This experiment took place on two dates, the first was about one topic then a week later they asked a something different
  - - - Each participant watched 7 films depicting a traffic accident, each film was from 5-30 seconds and were put in a different order for each group
        
        After each film the participant was given a questionnaire
        
        The first thing they had to do was give an account of the accudent
        
        The second part was more specific
        
        The critical question was about the speed of he cars
        
        They were asked "How fast were the cars going when they ___ eachover?"
        
        The blank contained one of the following verbs: "hit, smashed, collided, bumped or contacted"
        
        1 more item...
    - - Part 1
        
        The 150 students were put into groups of various sizes
        
        They were shown a 4 second clip of a car accident
        
        After the film the subjects received a questionnaire
        
        They described the accident first and then moved onto more questions
        
        The critical question was about the speed once again
        
        3 more items...
      - Part 2
        
        The subjects returned 1 week later
        
        They were asked another series of questions
        
        The critical question was "did you see any broken glass?"
    - - This is why the critical question was embedded in other questions, the other questions were to "throw them off the scent"
- - - - The findings show that participants estimated higher speeds in the "smashed" condition
        
        This matches what they found in experiment 1
    - - The findings relating to the critical question suggest that participants in the smash question were more than twice as likely to report seeing broken glass than those in the "hit" condition
- - - - Overall conclusion
        
        People's accuracy for reporting the details of a complex event is potentially distorted through the use of leading questions
  - - - Overall conclusion