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From Eunomia to Democracy (Rise of the People in Athens (Solons Politcal…
From Eunomia to Democracy
Age of Ambition
7th-6th century Greece
Society
Art & Poetry
Exploration of the individual
City State
Nationalism starts to grow
Growing Competition between Cities
Separation of Sexes
Militarization of Sparta
Population growth
Ends in 6th Century
Politics
Basilies disappear
Instead run by Oligarchy of wealthy citizens
Some cities, Tyrannos (one oligarch) takes control
Growing competition for power & wealth within cities
Pan-Hellenic Culture
Temple Building
Population stops growing in 6th century
Material culture even more important
Hella temples started springing up in the same column style
Pan hellenic artistic culture
Oracle of Delphi
Delphi
City in central Greece
Started in Bronze age
Starting 700 BCE: becomes important cultic center, receiving votive offerings from all over greece
Princess of Apollo takes and answers questions
Individual questions
Community/State questions
Demand of oracle shows intensification of political conflict within cities
Festivals & Sports
Games all over greece
Winners elaborately honored by cities
Sports take over war
Intensification of competition between Greek Elite
Reforms of Solon
Archaic Economy
Said by Hesiod
90% of population work the land
Live offland
Fall into debt in crisis
Self sufficiency Ideal
Autarkeia
Dynamics of Debt
Food crises
Population growth reduces wage of farm workers
Hit poor landowners harder than richer ones
Poor landowners get interest bearing loans from rich landowners
Defaulting debtors and families often led into debt slavery
Rich Landowners in expensive competition with each other
Exploit tenants and lands more efficiently to beat other landowners
Solutions
Spartans: Established Hierarchy
Spartiates only persons who hold full citizen status
Spent lives in military training
Wealthy landowners rich enough to live off their lands
Unable to finance lifestyle
Turn into Perioikoi
Free citizens without political or voting rights
Helots: Unfree serfs working the land of the Spartiates
Political system
Basically chosen by elites
Stable
Athens
Description
Largest City States
Bomb ass trade routes
Got this bomb ass defensible hill
6th century Crisis
Constitution of Athenian
Describes crisis
Political conflict reached boiling point
Caused by indebtedness of farm labourers
All lands in the hands of the elite
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Indebted people can be enslaved
Solon pulls up
Wise law giver in archaic period
From middle class
Makes poems
Elected to have hella power, makes reforms, dips
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Written by student of Aristotle 2 centuries after
Rise of the People in Athens
Solons Politcal reforms
Property classes
Pentacosiomedimmi
500 measures of wheat
Hippeas
300 measures of wheat
Zeugitae
200 measures of wheat
Thetes
Broke boi
90% probably this
How much you can give in wheat
25 measures of wheat to feed a family of four
Only small number of people can participate politically
Judicial Reform
Courts in hands of the people
Juries decided by lot from citizen population
All free born males receive full protection by the courts
Not that radical
Maintained power of elites
New communal identity
Tyranny of Pesistratos
Military leader
Organizes coup
Becomes tyrannos
Preserves Solons political structure
Commissions writing down of Iliad & Odyssey
Dies in 527 BCE
Followed by sons
Hippias
Enters negotiations with Persians
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Hipparchos
Murked in 514 BCE
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With people from mountainside of Athens
Cleisthenes
Politician from old elite family
Struggles for pre-eminance with rival
Gets rival exiled
Becomes most influencial politician
Sets up Democracy
All citizens have equal voting rights
Citizens divided into demes (lots)
Geographical
Cuts through old loyalties
Makes up Popular Assembly
Passes all laws & treaties
Ostrakismos
If one person gets 6000 votes against him, gets exiled for ten years
Boule (Council)
Membership decided by lot
Took turns
Day to day governmental things
Finally becomes unified city state with true democracy
Strategoi
Generals
Elected for one year terms