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Origins of the Great Twentieth-Century Conflicts (Levels of Analisys…
Origins of the Great Twentieth-Century Conflicts
International Systems and Levels of Causation
The international system is not just the states. The international political system is
the pattern of relationships among the states
.
The important point about any system, however, is that the whole pattern is greater than the sum of the parts. Systems can create consequences not intended by any of their constituent actors.
Levels of Analisys
state
international system
individual
Systems
Structures
The structure of a system refers to its distribution of power (
unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
)
Process
the process refers to patterns and types of interaction among its units
The process of an international system is determined by three elements:
(2) the
cultural and institutional context
that surrounds the structure and determines the incentives and capabilities that states have for cooperation; and
(3) whether the states are
revolutionary or moderate
in their goals and instruments.
(1) its
structure
(bipolar structures tend to produce less flexible processes),
Napoleonic Wars
não alterou a estrutura mas
alterou o processo
Nacionalismo e democracia
Unificação da Alemanha
Sistema de alianças rígido (
mudança na distribuição de poder
)
Duas alianças: uma centrada na Alemanha e a outra na França e na Rússia
Counterfactuals