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Antiepileptic Drugs (Broad spectrum antiepileptic ( Vlaporate) (Uses…
Antiepileptic Drugs
Broad spectrum antiepileptic ( Vlaporate)
Uses
Partial seizures.
Generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy.
Absence seizures. * Not used in Status epilepticus.
Adverse effects
Sedation, ataxia, tremors, nystagmus, diplopia.
GI disturbances.
Teratogenic (neural tube defects).
Alopecia (hair loss).
Weight gain.
Mechanism of action
Block sodium channels.
Increase GABA in brain.
Block T-type calcium channels.
Drugs that block vlotage-gated sodium channels
Phenytoin
Uses
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Partial Seizure.
Status epilepticus. * Ventricular arrhythmias.
Adverse effects
Confusion, nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia.
Gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features & hirsutism.
Osteomalacia and Megaloblastic anemia.
Teratogenic (cleft palat).
lymphadenopathy.
Actions
Antiepileptic actions: Effective against partial seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures (grand mal seizures). * Not effective against absence seizures.
Antidysrhythmic action: Phenytoin act as class I B anti arrhythmic drug.
Drug interactions
Hepatic miscrosomal enzyme inducer:Increase its own metabolism and increase the metabolism of other drugs.
Carbamazepine
Adverse effects
Hyponatremia.
Drowsiness, headache, diplopia & conginitive impairment.
Blood dyscrasias e.g. aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis. * Allergic reaction.
Drug Interactions
Hepatic miscrosomal enzyme inducer:Increase its own metabolism and increase the metabolism of other drugs.
Uses
Partial seizures with or without secondary generalization.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia ( Drug of Choice)
Drugs that block calcium channels
Ethosuximide
Uses
Treatment of absence seizures (Drug of Choice)
Adverse effects
GIT adverse effect (most common).
Drowsiness, headache, euphoria.
Weight gain. * Gum hypertrophy, swelling of the tongue.
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam: Drug of Choice in statue epilepticus.
Clonazepam: Broad spectrum antiepileptic.
Uses
Statue epilepticus. * Second choice in grand mal, absence seizures, myo-clonic seizures, infantile spasms.
Drugs produce potentiation of action of GABA
Phenobbarbitone
Uses
Status epilepticus.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Partial seizures with or without secondary generalization.
It is hepatic microsomal enzyme inducer lead to drug interaction.
New Antiepileptic Drugs
Lamotrigine & Topiramate
Uses:
Partial seizures.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures. * Absence seizures.
Drugs interfere with glutamate transmission