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Chemistry 1-Limestone And Building Materials (Limestone mainly calcium…
Chemistry 1-Limestone And Building Materials
Limestone mainly calcium carbonate CaCO3
Calcium carbonate breakdowns to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide- a lot of heat produced
Thermal decomposition- breakdown of calcium carbonate when strongly heated
Calcium carbonate (heat)> calcium oxide+carbon dioxide
CaCO3(heat)> CaO+CO2
Sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and copper carbonate also decompose like this
Copper carbonate(heat)> Copper oxide+Carbon dioxide
CuCO3(heat)> Cu0+CO2
Metals high in reactivity series eg. sodium, magnesium, calcium, have carbonates that need a lot of energy to decompose them
Metals low reactivity series eg copper have carbonates that are easily decomposed
Calcium oxide yellow when hot, white when cold
Calcium hydroxide is an alkali
Calcium oxide+water> Calcium hydroxide
Ca0+H20>Ca(OH)2
Limestone- type of rock, mainly composed of calcium carbonate
Limestone quarried and used as material
Used in manufacture of cement, mortar, and concrete
Carbonates react with acids to produce carbon dioxide , a salt and water
calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid > carbon dioxide + calcium chloride + water
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CO2 + CaCl2 + H2O
Limestone damaged by acid rain
Sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate and copper carbonate also react with acids: fizz
Carbon dioxide tested using limewater
Calcium hydroxide-neutralises excess acidity
Cement made by heating powdered limestone with clay, cement- ingredient in motor and concrete
Mortar- used to join bricks together, made by mixing cement with sand and water
Concrete- made by mixing cement with sand, water and aggregate (crushed rock)
Limestone cement and mortar slowly react with carbon dioxide dissolved in rainwater and wear away
Limestone walls wear away from acid rain and leave gaps in buildings
Pollution makes rain more acidic
Concrete easily formed before it sets hard, strong when squashed, weak went bent or stretched
Concrete can be hardened with steel
Limestone- valuable natural resource - can make glass and concrete
Quarrying provides employment
Quarries visible from long distances, may disfigure environment