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Anatomy 2 (GI tract below diaphragm (Jejunum and ileum (Jejunum (Proximal…
Anatomy 2
GI tract below diaphragm
Stomach
- Oesophagus
- Fundus
- Cardia
- Body
- Lesser and greater curvature
- Pyloric antrum
- Pyloric canal
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Hepatogastric ligament
- Lesser omentum
- Greater omentum
Duodenum
- 4 parts (20-25cm long)
- Retroperiotneal (except start): duodenal cap: ulcers
- Adjacent to head of pancreas
Jejunum and ileum
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Jejunum
Proximal 2/5
- Mostly upper left quadrant
- Larger diameter + thicker wall
- Prominent Plicae circulares
- Less prominent arterial arcades and longer vasa recta
Ileum
Distal 3/5
- Mostly lower right quadrant
- Thinner walls
- Fewer + less plicae circulares
- Extensive arterial arcades + longer vasa recta
Large Intestine
- Root of Mesentry
- Root of trasnverse mesocolon
- Root of sigmoid mesocolon
- Appendix
- Caecum
- Ileum
- Taeniae coli
- Ascending colon
- Right colic (hepatic) flexure
- Left colic (splenic) flexure
- Omental appendices
- Descending colon
- Haustra
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
Peritoneum and its attachments to abdomen
Peritoneum: thin, serous membrane lining of abdominal and pelvic cavities
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Relationships
Retroperitoneal
- Organ lies behind peritoneum, partially covered
- e.g. Pancreas
Extraperitoneal
- Outside peritoneum
- Fat, tissue
Intraperitoneal
- Organ completely covered with visceral periotoneum (stomach, jejunum)
- Organs attached to each other or walls via peritoneal folds: mesentery
Pelvic floor
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- Pubovaginalis
- Puborectalis
- Pubococcygeus proper
Anal canal and sphincter
Anal canal
- Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle)
- Deep
- Superficial
- Subcutaneous
- Continuation of large intestine inferior to rectum
- Termination of rectal ampulla
- Narrows at pelvic floor
- Terminates at anus after passing through perneum
Through pelvic floor, surrounded by internal and external anal sphincters (normally keep it closed)
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