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ERIKSON’S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT (Stage 1 INFANCY: BIRTH - 18 MONTHS…
ERIKSON’S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Stage 1
INFANCY: BIRTH - 18 MONTHS
Hope
Trust
Confidence
Security
Mistrust
In
security
Worthlessness
Major emphasis
Visual contact & touch
Parents' nurturing ability
Care for a child
Significant relationship with
mother
Central question:
“Can I trust the world?”
Stage 2
TODDLER / EARLY CHILDHOOD YEARS: 18 MONTHS - 3 YEARS
Will
Autonomy
A sense of independence & a feeling of control
Secure & confident
Shame & Doubt
Sense of inadequacy & self-doubt
Significant relationship with
parents
Central question:
“Can I do things myself / must I rely on others?”
Bodily function & walking
Stage 3
PLAY AGE / PRESCHOOLER: 3 - 5 YEARS
Purpose
Initiative
Imitate
the people around
Start exploring the world —
"WHY?"
Guilt
Frustrated over
natural desires & goals,
self-doubt
&
lack initiatve
Relationship with the
basic family
Central question:
“Is it okay for me to do things?”
Exploration & discovery
Stage 4
SCHOOL AGE CHILD: 5 - 12 YEARS
Competence
Industry
Develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments & abilities
Accomplishing numerous
new
skills, learning & creating
Inferiority
Doubt their abilities
Social stage
of development
Relationship with the
school & neighborhood
Central question:
“How can I be good?”
Stage 5
ADOLESCENT: 12 - 18 YEARS
Fidelity
Identity
Explore independence
Develop a sense of self
Confusion
Upheaval, insecure & confused about themselves & the future
Developing a sense of
personal identity
Significant relationship with
friends
Central question:
“Who am I?”
Stage 6
YOUNG ADULT: 18 - 35 YEARS
Love
Intimacy
Lasting & meaningful intimacy relationships
Isolation
Less committed relationships, loneliness & depression
Relationships with
marital partners, work connections & friends
Central question:
“Can I love & be loved?”
Intimate relationships, work & social life
Stage 7
MIDDLE-AGED ADULT: 35 - 55 / 65 YEARS
Care
Generativity
Taking greater
responsibilities
& control
Make a
difference
to
society
Stagnation
Unproductive & uninvolved in the world
Meaninglessness
Significant relationships with
family, workplace, local church & other communities
Central question:
“What can I contribute to the world?”
"Giving back", helping & contributing
Stage 8
MATURITY / LATE ADULT: 55 / 65 YEARS - DEATH
Wisdom
Integrity
Satisfaction
,
meaningful life & valuable contribution to society
Despair
Regrets
,
wasted & bitterness
Life achievements & reflection
Significant relationship with
Mankind
Central question:
“Was my life a good one?”