City Models

Concentric Zone Model (Burgess)

Sector Model (Hoyt)

Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman)

Griffin-Ford Model

McGee Model

African

Based on 1920s Chicago

Divides city into 5 concentric zones (from center out)

CBD at center

Transition

Blue-Collar Homes

Middle-Class Residence

Suburban

Based on 1930s Chicago

City looks something like a pie chart with CBD still at center

High-Rent Housing

City grows outward from center (so an area could extend from center until the edge)

Mid-Rent Housing

Low-Rent Housing

Education

Recreation

Transport

Industrial Center(s)

Based on 1940s Chicago

CBD no longer "nucleus" of city; urban regions have their own nuclei

CBD

Wholesale/Light Manufacturing

Low-Class Residency

Middle-Class Residency

Upper-Class Residency

Heavy Manufacturing

Outlying Business District

Residential Suburb

Industrial Suburb

Based on 1980s South America

CBD divided into traditional market sectors and high-rise sectors

Commercial "spine" emanating out from core along "prestigious axis"

Remaining zones are for less well-off citizens

Tends to be 3 CBDs

Colonial remnant

Informal/Periodic

Traditional business center

Based on 1967 Southeast Asia

No formal CBD; elements of CBD are scattered

old colonial port zone

government zone

Western commercial zone (practically a separate CBD)

alien commercial zone (dominated by Chinese merchants whose residences are attached to their business places)

mixed-use land zone (containing miscellaneous economic activity)