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Late Bronze Age (1600 BCE - 1200 BCE) (Near East Late Bronze Age Society,…
Late Bronze Age (1600 BCE - 1200 BCE)
Near East Late Bronze Age Society
Military Innovation
Donkeys used since beginning
1700 BCE Horses pull through from Iran
1600 BCE Horses reach Near East
Two wheeled horse chariot is employed in battle
Composite bow & scale armor invented
Importance of infantry in battle decreases
Social Implications
Expensive Armor
Horses, Chariots, Scale armor
Inequality rises
Importance of infantry decreases
Military elites enhance their powerr
Babylon
Timeline
1750 BCE: Death of Hammurabi
Rest of dynasty is trash
1595 BCE: Babylon conquered by Mursili
Hittites
1570 BCE: Kassites takes control of Bablyon
1350 BCE Kassites rule all of Babylonia
1155 BCE Kassites overthrown
Society & Economy
Urbanization & Population growth stops
Economic Decline begins
Esp. in Southern Mesopotamia
Privatization Continues
Military officers & Magistrates cop large estates from king
Boundary stones (Kudurru) delimit borders between different estates
Workers on these estates recieve rations
Serfdom is established; these workers tied to the land
High point of inequality in Bronze Age
Middle Assyrian Empire
Timeline
1365 BCE: Assur goes from city state to regional power
Aggresive
Economic significance before commercial :warning:
King Ashuruballit
1332 BCE: Assyrians impose vassal king on Babylon
After murder of son of Babylonian king & Assyrian princess
1224 BCE: Assur cops all of Mesopotamia & Syria
Tukulti-Ninurta I
Society
Bruh these people more extreme than ISIS
Officer class getting land grants
Like Kassite Babylon
Large mass of the population in debt
Women sold to creditors
Growing obsession amongst Assyrian elites about female honor
Veil seen as status symbol
De jure
Epic of Gilgamesh
Part of international elite culture of great powers
Akkadian literature
The Club of Great Powers
From 1500 BCE, Five large military states consolidate power all over Middle East
They form "Club of Great Powers"
Members
Egypt
Babylonia
Assyria
Hittites
Arzawa
Kings call each other "brothers", exchange goods & wives
Use Akkadian
Amarna Letters
Archive of Clay Tablets found in Egypt
Found in 1888
Found in el-Amarna, capital of Egypt during reigh of Ekhnaton
Most written in Akkadian
Ones written to other kings addressed as Brother
Ones written to client rulers addressed as Servant
EA 1: King of Egypt to King of Babylon
Only elites matter
Highly stratified society
Importance of new military tech
Present-based diplomacy
Its basically like those fucking bengalis that live in hoco