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Chapter 2: Circuits and Electronics (2.1: Charge needs a continuous path…
Chapter 2: Circuits and Electronics
2.1: Charge needs a continuous path to flow
Electric charge flows in a loop
A Circuit is a closed path through which a continuous charge can flow
4 parts of a Circuit
Voltage Source
provides the electric potential for charge to flow through a circuit
Conductor
forms a connection from the voltage source to the electrical device and back
Switch
designed to break the closed path of charge
Electrical Device
any part of a circuit that changes electrical energy into another form of energy.
Resistor
is an electrical device that slows the flow of energy in a circuit
Open and Closed Circuits
if a wire is cut, then charge stops flowing
Batteries
has connection on both side so that charge can follow a closed path to and from the battery
Standard symbols are used to represent the parts of a circuit
Current Follows the path of least resistance
Insulators and conductors
Charge will flow through a copper wire but not through the plastic coating that covers it, because plastic is an insulator
Materials with low resistance are good conductors
Short Circuits
a short circuit is an unintended path connecting one part of a circuit with another
Functioning Circuit
the charge flows through one wire through the lightbulb the back through the 2nd wire to the outlet
Short circuit
the cord has been damaged and the two wires inside have formed a connection
Safety Devices Control Current
How Fuses Work
if too much current goes through the metal strip, then the strip will melt and the fuse will be blown
Ground Breaker
If there is too much current, the switch will "trip" and the current flow will stop
2.2: Circuits make electrical current useful
Circuits are constructed for specific purposes
Circuits can have multiple paths
Series Circuit
a Circuit in which current follows a single path
Advantages
Minimal WIre
Disadvantages
all parts must be working
converts some energy into heat
Parallel circuit
a circuit in which follows more than one path
Advantages
if one breaks others will keep going
bulbs all glow the most
Disadvantages
need more wire
Circuits convert Electrical energy into other forms of energy
Electronic technology is based on circuits
Electronic use Coded Information
electronic device
is a device that uses electric current to represent coded information
Binary Code
used with yes and no
Digital Info
used with 0s and 1s
Advantages
can be copied many times
can be processed using computers
Analog to Digital
Analog info is info represented in a continous but varying forms
Computer Circuits process Digital Information
a computer is an electrical device that processes digital information
Intergrated circuits
Personal Computers
Input
Storage
Processing
Output
Computers can be linked with other Computers
The origin of the internet
The internet today