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Stereotyping Unit 3 (Sherif (Aim: to find out if prejudice develops as a…
Stereotyping Unit 3
Sherif
Aim:
to find out if prejudice develops as a result of competition
Method:
a group of 22 boys were randomly split into 2 teams and were kept away from each other, and created group identities. They were later informed of competitions with the prize of a silver cup
Results:
the teams began name-calling and tried to attack each other
Conclusion:
Competition is a cause of prejudice
Evaluation
Unethical: cause distress with name calling
Biased: only white male children - not generalisable for girls
Greater Ecological Validity: not a lab setting
Tajfel
Aim:
to show how easily people discriminate against their out-groups
Method:
14-15 year old boys were randomly assigned groups and given a game to play where they had to award pairs of points. They were told the points could be swapped for prizes.
Results:
They awarded points by choosing the pairs with the biggest difference, not what gave the most points
Conclusion:
People discriminate against their out-groups
Evaluation:
not generalisable: only 14-15 y/old boys used
Artificially created groups - lack ecological validity
lack mundane realism - not everyday task
Levine
Aim:
to show if you believe you have a relationship with someone you are more likely to help them
Method:
a paid stuntman fell over in front of ManU fans. Half the time he was wearing a ManU shirt, the other half he was wearing a Liverpool shirt
Results:
When wearing a ManU shirt, he was always helped up but when wearing a Liverpool shirt, he was always left to help himself.
Conclusion:
When you have something in common with someone, you are more likely to help them. You are less likely to help out-group members.
Evaluation
Has Mundane Realism: realistic situation
Lack Generalisability: only sampled ManU fans
Has Ecological Validity: not a lab setting
Unethical: Confederate stuntman