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Impacts of direct and indirect paternity cues on paternal care in a…
Impacts of direct and indirect paternity cues on paternal care in a singing toadfish (Bose, Kou, & Balshine, 2016)
Introduction
Parental investment will fluctuate in response to variation in certainty of parentage but only when these 3 conditions are satisfied:
1) Parental care is costly such that investment into current offspring diminishes the ability to invest in future reproduction
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Recognition cues used by parents to assess their relatedness to offspring are grouped into 2 categories:
1) Direct Cues
(Phenotypic cues) emanate from offspring such as how an offspring look or smell; these cues are often compared to the parent for similarity
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